Effect of Recombinant Follicle Stimulating Hormone and Recombinant Luteinizing Hormone on Maturation of Mammalian Oocytes in Vitro

Authors

  • Abd El Wahab El Ghareeb Zoology Department, Faculty of science, Cairo University, Cairo
  • Nagla El-Nabarawy National Egyptian Center of Environmental and Toxicological Research (NECTER), Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University
  • Zainab Alfitouri Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Sirt university
  • Amr Al Ahwani Department of Andrology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University
  • Hazem Khalifa Nour Al-Hayah Fertility Center, Cairo, Egypt

Abstract

Abstract

In vitro maturation (IVM) of oocytes is an important application in assisted reproductive medicine and reproductive biology research. It can provide high quality oocytes from unstimulated ovaries. However, IVM remains a challenge in mammalian species, and has only been achieved with limited degrees of success. This study was carried out to investigate the effect of adding recombinant Follicle Stimulating Hormone (rFSH), recombinant Luteinizing Hormone (rLH) or the combination of both hormones on the IVM of rabbit oocytes, as rabbit is considered an important model system for human reproduction. Unstimulated ovaries of female rabbits were encountered. Oocytes were collected via tissue slice technique. The Cumulus-Oocyte Complexes (COCs), containing immature oocytes at Germinal Vesicle (GV) stage, were counted, washed, and cultured in different concentrations of rFSH, rLH and a combination of both rFSH and rLH. After cultivation, oocytes were examined for maturation. Our study revealed that the addition of hormone combination (rFSH + rLH) with certain concentrations could significantly improve the results of IVM and increase the percentage of oocytes reaching the second Metaphase (MII) stage.

Key words: In vitro maturation, Hormones, Rabbit oocytes.

References

• Abate A, Nazzaro A, Salerno A, Marzano F, Pavone Cossut MR, Perino M (2009): Efficacy of recombinant versus human derived follicle stimulating hormone on the oocyte and embryo quality in IVF-ICSI cycles: Randomized, controlled, multi-centre trial. Gynecol. Endocrinol. 25: 479-484.

• Abdelmassih V, Oliveira FG, Goncalves SP, Varella AD, Diamond MP, Abdelmassih R (2005): A prospective, randomized and blinded comparison between 10,000 IU urinary and 250 microg recombinant human chorionic gonadotropin for oocyte maturation in in vitro fertilization cycles. J. Assist. Reprod. Genet. 22: 149-153.

• Aboulghar MA, Mansour RT, Serour GI, Amin YM, Sattar MA, ElAttar E (1996): Recombinant follicle-stimulating hormone in the treatment of patients with history of severe ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome. Fertil. Steril. 66: 757-760.

• Aboulghar M, Saber W, Amin Y, Aboulghar M, Mansour R, Serour G (2010): Prospective, randomized study comparing highly purified urinary follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and recombinant FSH for in vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome. Fertil. Steril. 94: 2332-2334.

• Al-Inany H, Aboulghar M, Mansour R, Serour G (2003): Meta-analysis of recombinant versus urinary-derived FSH: an update. Hum. Reprod. 18: 305-313.

• Al-Inany HG, Abou-Setta AM (2012): Are all human-derived follicle-stimulating hormone products the same? A systematic review and meta-analysis using direct and adjusted indirect analyses, to determine whether Fostimon® is more efficient than Metrodin-HP®. Gynecol. Endocrinol. 28: 94-101.

• Anobile CJ, Talbot JA, McCann SJ, Padmanabhan V, Robertson WR (1998): Glycoform composition of serum gonadotrophins through the normal menstrual cycle and in the post-menopausal state. Mol. Hum. Reprod. 4: 631-639.

• Balasch J, Fábregues F, Peñarrubia J, Creus M, Vidal R, Casamitjana R, Manau D, Vanrell JA (1998): Follicular development and hormonal levels following highly purified or recombinant follicle-stimulating hormone administration in ovulatory women and WHO group II anovulatory infertile patients. J. Assist. Reprod. Genet. 15: 552-559.

• Balen A, Platteau P, Andersen AN, Devroey P, Helmgaard L, Arce JC; Bravelle Ovulation Induction (BOI) Study Group (2007): Highly purified FSH is as efficacious as recombinant FSH for ovulation induction in women with WHO Group II anovulatory infertility: a randomized controlled non-inferiority trial. Hum. Reprod. 22: 1816-1823.

• Bassett R, De Bellis C, Chiacchiarini L, Mendola D, Micangeli E, Minari K, Grimaldi L, Mancinelli M, Mastrangeli R, Bucci R (2005): Comparative characterisation of a commercial human chorionic gonadotrophin extracted from human urine with a commercial recombinant human chorionic gonadotrophin. Curr. Med. Res. Opin. 21: 1969-1976.

• Bassett R, Lispi M, Ceccarelli D, Grimaldi L, Mancinelli M, Martelli F, Van Dorsselaer A (2009): Analytical identification of additional impurities in urinary-derived gonadotrophins. Reprod. Biomed. Online. 19: 300-313.

• Bergh C, Howles CM, Borg K, Hamberger L, Josefsson B, Nilsson L, Wikland M (1997): Recombinant human follicle stimulating hormone (r-hFSH; Gonal-F) versus highly purified urinary FSH (Metrodin HP): results of a randomized comparative study in women undergoing assisted reproductive techniques. Hum. Reprod. 12: 2133-2139.

• Boland NI, Humpherson PG, Leese HJ, Gosden RG (1993): Pattern of lactate production and steroidogenesis during growth and maturation of mouse ovarian follicles in vitro. Biol. Reprod. 48: 798-806.

• Brinsden PR, Wada I, Tan SL, Balen A, Jacobs HS (1995): Diagnosis, prevention and management of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome. Br. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 102: 767-772.

• Cao Y, Xing Q, Zhang ZG, Wei ZL, Zhou P, Cong L (2009): Cryopreservation of immature and in vitro matured human oocytes by vitrification. Reprod. Biomed. Online 19: 369-373.

• Cha KY, Chian RC (1998): Maturation in vitro of immature human oocytes for clinical use. Hum. Reprod. Update 4: 103-120.

• Chan CC, Ng EH, Tang OS, Yeung WS, Lau EY, Ho PC (2005): A prospective, randomized, double-blind study to compare two doses of recombinant human chorionic gonadotropin in inducing final oocyte maturity and the hormonal profile during the luteal phase. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 90: 3933-3938.

• Chang P, Kenley S, Burns T, Denton G, Currie K, DeVane G, O'Dea L (2001): Recombinant human chorionic gonadotropin (rhCG) in assisted reproductive technology: results of a clinical trial comparing two doses of rhCG (Ovidrel) to urinary hCG (Profasi) for induction of final follicular maturation in in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer. Fertil. Steril. 76: 67-74.

• Chen ZQ, Ming TX, Nielsen HI (2010): Maturation arrest of human oocytes at germinal vesicle stage. J. Hum. Reprod. Sci. 3: 153-157.

• Coelingh Bennink HJ, Fauser BC, Out HJ (1998): Recombinant follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH; Puregon) is more efficient than urinary FSH (Metrodin) in women with clomiphene citrate-resistant, normogonadotropic, chronic anovulation: a prospective, multicenter, assessor-blind, randomized, clinical trial. Fertil. Steril. 69: 19-25.

• Cole LA (2009): New discoveries on the biology and detection of human chorionic gonadotropin. Reprod. Biol. Endocrinol. 7: 8-45.

• Coticchio G, Dal-Canto M, Guglielmo MC, Mignini-Renzini M, Fadini R (2012): Human oocyte maturation in vitro. Int. J. Dev. Biol. 56: 909-918.

• D'Antonio M, Borrelli F, Datola A, Bucci R, Mascia M, Polletta P, Piscitelli D, Papoian R (1999): Biological characterization of recombinant human follicle stimulating hormone isoforms. Hum. Reprod. 14: 1160-1167.

• Daya S (2002): Updated meta-analysis of recombinant follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) versus urinary FSH for ovarian stimulation in assisted reproduction. Fertil. Steril. 77: 711-714.

• de Leeuw R, Mulders J, Voortman G, Rombout F, Damm J, Kloosterboer L (1996): Structure-function relationship of recombinant follicle stimulating hormone (Puregon). Mol. Hum. Reprod. 2: 361-369.

• Devroey P, Mannaerts B, Smitz J, Coelingh Bennink H, Van Steirteghem A (1994): Clinical outcome of a pilot efficacy study on recombinant human follicle-stimulating hormone (Org 32489) combined with various gonadotrophin-releasing hormone agonist regimens. Hum. Reprod. 9: 1064-1069.

• de Ziegler D, Fraisse T, de Candolle G, Vulliemoz N, Bellavia M, Colamaria S (2007): Outlook: Roles of FSH and LH during the follicular phase: insight into natural cycle IVF. Reprod. Biomed. Online 15: 507-513.

• Driscoll GL, Tyler JP, Hangan JT, Fisher PR, Birdsall MA, Knight DC (2000): A prospective, randomized, controlled, double-blind, double-dummy comparison of recombinant and urinary HCG for inducing oocyte maturation and follicular luteinization in ovarian stimulation. Hum. Reprod. 15:1305-1310.

• Eftekhar M, Khalili MA, Rahmani E (2012): The efficacy of recombinant versus urinary HCG in ART outcome. Iran J. Reprod. Med. 10: 543-548.

• El Ghareeb A, Abdel-Samie M, Dardeer T and Khamis M (2011). Effect of follicle stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone on maturation of mammalian oocytes in vitro. J. Egypt. Ger. Soc. Zool., (19th International Conference

• Eppig JJ, O'Brien MJ (1996): Development in vitro of mouse oocytes from primordial follicles. Biol. Reprod. 54: 197-207.

• Farrag A, Costantini A, Manna C, Grimaldi G (2008): Recombinant HCG for triggering ovulation increases the rate of mature oocytes in women treated for ICSI. J. Assist. Reprod. Genet. 25: 461-466.

• Fulghesu AM, Apa R, Belosi C, Ciampelli M, Selvaggi L Jr, Cucinelli F, Caruso A, Mancuso S, Lanzone A (2001): Recombinant versus urinary follicle-stimulating hormone in the low-dose regimen in anovulatory patients with polycystic ovary syndrome: a safer and more effective treatment. Horm. Res. 55: 224-228.

• Gemzell C (1965): Induction of ovulation with human gonadotropins. Recent Prog. Horm. Res. 21: 179-204.

• Gerli S, Casini ML, Unfer V, Costabile L, Bini V, Di Renzo GC (2004a): Recombinant versus urinary follicle-stimulating hormone in intrauterine insemination cycles: a prospective, randomized analysis of cost effectiveness. Fertil. Steril. 82: 573-578.

• Gerli S, Casini ML, Unfer V, Costabile L, Mignosa M, Di Renzo GC (2004b): Ovulation induction with urinary FSH or recombinant FSH in polycystic ovary syndrome patients: a prospective randomized analysis of cost-effectiveness. Reprod. Biomed. Online 9: 494-499.

• Ghasemzade-Nava H, Tajik P (2000): In vitro maturation of ovine follicular oocytes in different concentrations of fetal calf serum and estrous sheep serum. Theriogenology 53: 435.

• Gidoni YS, Takefman J, Holzer HE, Elizur SE, Son WY, CHIAN RC, TAN SL (2008): Cryopreservation of a mother’s oocytes for possible future use by her daughter with Turner syndrome: case report. Fertil. Steril. 90: 9-12.

• Gómez R, Soares SR, Busso C, Garcia-Velasco JA, Simón C, Pellicer A (2010): Physiology and pathology of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome. Sem. Reprod. Med. 28: 448-457.

• Gougeon A (1996): Regulation of ovarian follicular development in primates: facts and hypotheses. Endocr. Rev. 17: 121-155.

• Hård K, Mekking A, Damm JB, Kamerling JP, de Boer W, Wijnands RA, Vliegenthart JF (1990): Isolation and structure determination of the intact sialylated N-linked carbohydrate chains of recombinant human follitropin expressed in Chinese hamster ovary cells. Eur. J. Biochem. 193: 263-271.

• Hardy K, Wright CS, Franks S, Winston RM (2000): In vitro maturation of oocytes. Br. Med. Bull. 56: 588-602.

• Hillier SG (2009): Paracrine support of ovarian stimulation. Mol. Hum. Reprod. 15: 843-850.

• Hillier SG, Smyth CD, Whitelaw PF, Miró F, Howles CM (1995): Gonadotrophin control of follicular function. Horm. Res. 43: 216-223.

• Hoomans EH, Andersen AN, Loft A, Leerentveld RA, van Kamp AA, Zech H (1999): A prospective, randomized clinical trial comparing 150 IU recombinant follicle stimulating hormone (Puregon®) and 225 IU highly purified urinary follicle stimulating hormone (Metrodin-HP®) in a fixed-dose regimen in women undergoing ovarian stimulation. Hum. Reprod. 14: 2442-2447.

• Howles CM (1996): Genetic engineering of human FSH (Gonal-F). Hum. Reprod. Update 2: 172-191.

• Hugues JN, Bry-Gauillard H, Bständig B, Uzan M, Cedrin-Durnerin I (2001): Comparison of recombinant and urinary follicle-stimulating hormone preparations in short-term gonadotropin releasing hormone agonist protocol for in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer. J. Assist. Reprod. Genet. 18: 191-196.

• Humaidan P, Bredkjaer HE, Bungum L, Bungum M, Grøndahl ML, Westergaard L, Andersen CY (2005): GnRH agonist (buserelin) or hCG for ovulation induction in GnRH antagonist IVF/ICSI cycles: a prospective randomized study. Hum. Reprod. 20: 1213-1220.

• Kharche SD, Sharma GT, Majumdar AC (2005): In vitro maturation and fertilization of goat oocytes vitrified at germinal vesicle stage. Small Rumin. Res. 57: 81-84.

• Kovacs P, Kovats T, Bernard A, Zadori J, Szmatona G, Kaali SG (2008): Comparison of serum and follicular fluid hormone levels with recombinant and urinary human chorionic gonadotropin during in vitro fertilization. Fertil. Steril. 90: 2133-2137.

• Lambert A, Rodgers M, Mitchell R, Wood AM, Wardle C, Hilton B, Robertson WR (1995): In vitro biopotency and glycoform distribution of recombinant human follicle stimulating hormone (Org 32489), Metrodin and Metrodin-HP. Hum. Reprod. 10: 1928-1935.

• Lambert A, Talbot JA, Anobile CJ, Robertson WR (1998): Gonadotrophin heterogeneity and biopotency: implications for assisted reproduction. Mol. Hum. Reprod. 4: 619-629.

• Lathi RB, Milki AA (2001): Recombinant gonadotropins. Curr. Womens Health Rep. 1: 157-163.

• le Cotonnec JY, Porchet HC, Beltrami V, Khan A, Toon S, Rowland M (1994): Clinical pharmacology of recombinant human follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH). I. Comparative pharmacokinetics with urinary human FSH. Fertil. Steril. 61: 669-678.

• Le Du A, Kadoch IJ, Bourcigaux N, Doumerc S, Bourrier MC, Chevalier N, Fanchin R, Chian RC, Tachdjian G, Frydman R, Frydman N (2005): In vitro oocyte maturation for the treatment of infertility associated with polycystic ovarian syndrome: the French experience. Hum. Reprod. 20: 420-424.

• Lei ZM, Mishra S, Zou W, Xu B, Foltz M, Li X, Rao CV (2001): Targeted disruption of luteinizing hormone/human chorionic gonadotropin receptor gene. Mol. Endocrinol. 15: 184-200.

• Levi Setti PE, Alviggi C, Colombo GL, Pisanelli C, Ripellino C, Longobardi S, Canonico PL, De Placido G (2015): Human recombinant follicle stimulating hormone (rFSH) compared to urinary human menopausal gonadotropin (HMG) for ovarian stimulation in assisted reproduction: a literature review and cost evaluation. J. Endocrinol. Invest. 38: 497-503.

• Lispi M, Bassett R, Crisci C, Mancinelli M, Martelli F, Ceccarelli D, De Bellis C, Mendola D (2006): Comparative assessment of the consistency and quality of a highly purified FSH extracted from human urine (urofollitropin) and a recombinant human FSH (follitropin alpha). Reprod. Biomed. Online 13: 179-193.

• Liu J, Lu G, Qian Y, Mao Y, Ding W (2003): Pregnancies and births achieved from in vitro matured oocytes retrieved from poor responders undergoing stimulation in in vitro fertilization cycles. Fertil. Steril. 80: 447-449.

• Liu X, Hao C, Wang J (2015): Efficacy of highly purified urinary FSH versus recombinant FSH in Chinese women over 37 years undergoing assisted reproductive techniques. Int. J. Fertil. Steril. 8: 385-392.

• Loumaye E, Martineau I, Piazzi A, O'Dea L, Ince S, Howles C, Decosterd G, Van Loon K, Galazka A (1996): Clinical assessment of human gonadotrophins produced by recombinant DNA technology. Hum. Reprod. 11: 95-107.

• Luciano AM, Franciosi F, Modina SC, Lodde V (2011): Gap junction-mediated communications regulate chromatin remodeling during bovine oocyte growth and differentiation through cAMP-dependent mechanism(s). Biol. Reprod. 85: 1252-1259.

• MacDougall MJ, Tan SL, Balen A, Jacobs HS (1993): A controlled study comparing patients with and without polycystic ovaries undergoing in vitro fertilization. Hum. Reprod. 8: 233-237.

• Madani T, Mohammadi Yeganeh L, Ezabadi Z, Hasani F, Chehrazi M (2013): Comparing the efficacy of urinary and recombinant hCG on oocyte/follicle ratio to trigger ovulation in women undergoing intracytoplasmic sperm injection cycles: a randomized controlled trial. J. Assist. Reprod. Genet. 30: 239-245.

• Mannaerts B, Shoham Z, Schoot D, Bouchard P, Harlin J, Fauser B, Jacobs H, Rombout F, Coelingh Bennink H (1993): Single-dose pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of recombinant human follicle-stimulating hormone (Org 32489) in gonadotropin-deficient volunteers. Fertil. Steril. 59: 108-114.

• Matikainen T, De Leeuw R, Mannaerts B, Huhtaniemi I (1994): Circulating bioactive and immunoreactive recombinant human follicle stimulating hormone (Org 32489) after administration to gonadotropin-deficient subjects. Fertil. Steril. 61: 62-69.

• Matorras R, Recio V, Corcóstegui B, Rodríguez-Escudero FJ (2000): Recombinant human FSH versus highly purified urinary FSH: a randomized study in intrauterine insemination with husbands' spermatozoa. Hum. Reprod. 15: 1231-1234.

• Nayudu PL, Osborn SM (1992): Factors influencing the rate of preantral and antral growth of mouse ovarian follicles in vitro. J. Reprod. Fert. 95: 349-362.

• Olijve W, de Boer W, Mulders JW, van Wezenbeek PM (1996): Molecular biology and biochemistry of human recombinant follicle stimulating hormone (Puregon). Mol. Hum. Reprod. 2: 371-382.

• Out HJ, Driessen SG, Mannaerts BM, Coelingh Bennink HJ (1997): Recombinant follicle-stimulating hormone (follitropin beta, Puregon) yields higher pregnancy rates in in vitro fertilization than urinary gonadotropins. Fertil. Steril. 68: 138-142.

• Out HJ, Mannaerts BM, Driessen SG, Bennink HJ (1995): A prospective, randomized, assessor-blind, multicentre study comparing recombinant and urinary follicle stimulating hormone (Puregon versus Metrodin) in in vitro fertilization. Hum. Reprod. 10: 2534-2540.

• Out HJ, Mannaerts BM, Driessen SG, Coelingh Bennink HJ (1996): Recombinant follicle stimulating hormone (rFSH; Puregon) in assisted reproduction: more oocytes, more pregnancies. Results from five comparative studies. Hum. Reprod. Update 2: 162-171.

• Papanikolaou EG, Fatemi H, Camus M, Kyrou D, Polyzos NP, Humaidan P, Tarlatzis B, Devroey P, Tournaye H (2010): Higher birth rate after recombinant hCG triggering compared with urinary-derived hCG in single-blastocyst IVF antagonist cycles: a randomized controlled trial. Fertil. Steril. 94: 2902-2904.

• Pawshe CH, Palanisamy A, Taneja M, Jain SK, Totey SM (1996): Comparison of various maturation treatments on in vitro maturation of goat oocytes and their early embryonic development and cell numbers. Theriogenology 46: 971-982.

• Pierce JG, Parsons TF (1981): Glycoprotein hormones: structure and function. Annu. Rev. Biochem. 50: 465-495.

• Pincus G, Enzmann EV (1935): The comparative behavior of mammalian eggs in vivo and in vitro: I. The activation of ovarian eggs. J. Exp. Med. 62: 665-675.

• Recombinant Human FSH Product Development Group (1998): Recombinant follicle stimulating hormone: development of the first biotechnology product for the treatment of infertility. Recombinant Human FSH Product Development Group. Hum. Reprod. Update. 4: 862-881.

• Recombinant Human FSH Study Group (1995): Clinical assessment of recombinant human follicle-stimulating hormone in stimulating ovarian follicular development before in vitro fertilization. Recombinant Human FSH Study Group. Fertil. Steril. 63: 77-86.

• Revelli A, Poso F, Gennarelli G, Moffa F, Grassi G, Massobrio M (2006): Recombinant versus highly-purified, urinary follicle-stimulating hormone (r-FSH vs. HP-uFSH) in ovulation induction: a prospective, randomized study with cost-minimization analysis. Reprod. Biol. Endocrinol. 4: 38-44.

• Roa BS, Naidu KS, Amarnath D, Vagdevi R, Roa AS, Brahmaiah KV, Roa VH (2002): In vitro maturation of sheep oocytes in different media during breeding and non-breeding seasons. Small Rumin. Res. 43: 31-36.

• Sakhel K, Khedr M, Schwark S, Ashraf M, Fakih MH, Abuzeid M (2007): Comparison of urinary and recombinant human chorionic gonadotropin during ovulation induction in intrauterine insemination cycles: a prospective randomized clinical trial. Fertil. Steril. 87: 1357-1362.

• Schroeder AC, Eppig JJ (1984): The developmental capacity of mouse oocytes that matured spontaneously in vitro is normal. Dev. Biol. 102: 493-497.

• Silverberg KM, Ormand RA, Hansard LJ, Vaughn TC (2001): Recombinant FSH provides more efficient, cost-effective stimulation for Ovulation Induction/Intrauterine Insemination (OI/IUI) cycles than highly purified urinary FSH. Fertil. Steril. 75: S15-S16.

• Sohrabvand F, Sheikhhassani S, Bagheri M, Haghollahi F, Shabihkhani M, Shariat M, Nasr Esfahani M (2012): Comparison of highly purified urinary versus recombinant FSH: Effect on ART outcomes in polycystic ovary syndrome. Iran J. Reprod. Med. 10: 229-236.

• Spears N, Boland NI, Murray AA, Gosden RG (1994): Mouse oocytes derived from in vitro grown primary ovarian follicles are fertile. Hum. Reprod. 9: 527-532.

• Strehler E, Abt M, El-Danasouri I, De Santo M, Sterzik K (2001): Impact of recombinant follicle-stimulating hormone and human menopausal gonadotropins on in vitro fertilization outcome. Fertil. Steril. 75: 332-336.

• Telfer EE, Webb R, Moor RM, Gosden RG (1999): New approaches to increasing oocyte yield from ruminants. Anim. Sci. 68: 285-298.

• The European Recombinant Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin Study Group (2000): Induction of final follicular maturation and early luteinization in women undergoing ovulation induction for assisted reproduction treatment—recombinant HCG versus urinary HCG. Hum. Reprod. 15: 1446-1451.

• Trinchard-Lugan I, Khan A, Porchet HC, Munafo A (2002): Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of recombinant human chorionic gonadotrophin in healthy male and female volunteers. Reprod. Biomed. Online 4: 106-115.

• Trounson A, Wood C, Kausche A (1994): In vitro maturation and the fer¬tilization and developmental competence of oocytes recovered from untreated polycystic ovarian patients. Fertil. Steril. 62: 353-362.

• Ulloa-Aguirre A, Damián-Matsumura P, Jiménez M, Zambrano E, Díaz-Sánchez V (1992): Biological characterization of the isoforms of urinary human follicle-stimulating hormone contained in a purified commercial preparation. Hum. Reprod. 7: 1371-1378.

• van Wely M, Bayram N, van der Veen F (2003): Recombinant FSH in alternative doses or versus urinary gonadotrophins for ovulation induction in subfertility associated with polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review based on a Cochrane review. Hum. Reprod. 18: 1143-1149.

• Vitt UA, Kloosterboer HJ, Rose UM, Mulders JW, Kiesel PS, Bete S, Nayudu PL (1998): Isoforms of human recombinant follicle-stimulating hormone: comparison of effects on murine follicle development in vitro. Biol. Reprod. 59: 854-861.

• Wallace WH (2011): Oncofertility and preservation of reproductive capacity in children and young adults. Cancer 117: 2301-2310.

• Wani NA, Wani GM, Khan MZ, Salahudin S (2000): Effect of oocyte harvesting technique on in vitro maturation and in vitro fertilization in sheep. Small Rumin. Res. 36: 63-67.

• West CR, Carlson NE, Lee JS, McNeilly AS, Sharma TP, Ye W, Padmanabhan V (2002): Acidic mix of FSH isoforms are better facilitators of ovarian follicular maturation and E2 production than the less acidic. Endocrinology 143: 107-116.

• Yarali H, Bukulmez O, Gurgan T (1999): Urinary follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) versus recombinant FSH in clomiphene citrate-resistant, normogonadotropic, chronic anovulation: a prospective randomized study. Fertil. Steril. 72: 276-281.

Downloads

Published

2017-09-16

Issue

Vol. 5 No. 4 (2017): August 2017

Section

Articles

License

  • Papers must be submitted on the understanding that they have not been published elsewhere (except in the form of an abstract or as part of a published lecture, review, or thesis) and are not currently under consideration by another journal published by any other publisher.
  • It is also the authors responsibility to ensure that the articles emanating from a particular source are submitted with the necessary approval.
  • The authors warrant that the paper is original and that he/she is the author of the paper, except for material that is clearly identified as to its original source, with permission notices from the copyright owners where required.
  • The authors ensure that all the references carefully and they are accurate in the text as well as in the list of references (and vice versa).
  • Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
  • Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
  • Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
  • The journal/publisher is not responsible for subsequent uses of the work. It is the author's responsibility to bring an infringement action if so desired by the author.

How to Cite

Effect of Recombinant Follicle Stimulating Hormone and Recombinant Luteinizing Hormone on Maturation of Mammalian Oocytes in Vitro. (2017). Asian Journal of Applied Sciences, 5(4). https://ajouronline.com/index.php/AJAS/article/view/4115

Most read articles by the same author(s)