Evaluation of Different Particle Size Reduction Techniques in Application of Formulation Preparation
Keywords:
Particle size, size reduction, Avicel PH 101, Naproxen, Dibasic calcium phosphate dihydrateAbstract
Several commonly used particle size reduction techniques were evaluated in this study. Two excipients Avicel PH 101, calcium phosphate dihydrate and a poorly soluble compound naproxen were used for evaluation. All the techniques tested in this study: tissue grinder, glass beads, Glen Mills high speed mixer, polytron and sonication showed different degree of particle size reduction. The polytron in combination with the sonicator proved to be the most suitable technique for particle size reduction in discovery with limited API available. The processed particle sizes from the polytron technique were comparable to the glass tissue grinders while minimizing the loss of sample. Glass beads created small particle sizes (under 20 microns) depending on the length of time, but it was overly time consuming. Glen-mill needs about hundreds of milligram material to work with despite the comparable particle size reduction.
References
Fincher, J.H., “particle size and its relationship to absorption and activityâ€, J. Pharm. Sci. vol.57, pp. 1825-1835, 1968.
Hinz, R.J., Johnson, K.C., “The effect of particle size distribution on dissolution rate and oral absorptionâ€, Int. J. Pharm. vol. 51, pp. 9-17, 1989.
Johnson, K.C. and Swindell, A. C., “Guidance in the setting of drug particle size specifications to minimize variability in absorptionâ€. Pharm. Res. vol. 13, no.12, pp. 1795-1798, 1996.
Yalkowsky, S.H., Bolton, S., “Particle size and content uniformityâ€. Pharm. Res. vol.7, pp. 962-966. 1990.
Jinno, J., Kamada, N., Miyake, M., Yamada, K., Mukai, T., Odomi, M., Toguchi, H., Liversidge, G.G., Higaki, K., Kimura, T., “effect of particle size reduction on dissolution and oral absorption of a poorly water-soluble drug, cilostazol, in beagle dogsâ€, J. of Control. Release. vol.111, pp. 56-64. 2006.
Clement, S., Purutyan, H., “Narrowing down equipment choices for particle-size reductionâ€, Chem. Eng. Prog. vol. 98, no.6, pp.50-54. 2002.
W. Wu, G. H. Nancollas, “The dissolution and growth of sparingly soluble inorganic salts: A kinetics and surface energy approachâ€, Pure &App Chem., vol.70, no. 10, pp. 1867-1872, 1998.
Chou,K.J., Bao L., Kam K. R., Gu C., Chiang P., “ Evaluation of nanoparticle formation feasibility upon wet milling based on physicochemical properties of drug moleculesâ€, Let. in Appl. NanoBio. vol.4 no.1, pp. 231-235. 2015.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
- Papers must be submitted on the understanding that they have not been published elsewhere (except in the form of an abstract or as part of a published lecture, review, or thesis) and are not currently under consideration by another journal published by any other publisher.
- It is also the authors responsibility to ensure that the articles emanating from a particular source are submitted with the necessary approval.
- The authors warrant that the paper is original and that he/she is the author of the paper, except for material that is clearly identified as to its original source, with permission notices from the copyright owners where required.
- The authors ensure that all the references carefully and they are accurate in the text as well as in the list of references (and vice versa).
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
- The journal/publisher is not responsible for subsequent uses of the work. It is the author's responsibility to bring an infringement action if so desired by the author.
