Reactivity of Clays Consummated in Côte d'Ivoire in Digestive Conditions: Bioavailability of Mineral Elements
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24203/ajas.v6i5.5362Keywords:
clay minerals, trace elements, reactivity, bioavability, geophagyAbstract
In order to evaluate the impact of clay on the body during digestion, a study of the bioavailability of elements from clay minerals from Anyama and Bingerville (Abidjan district) was performed in vitro. A simulation of the destruction of a solid matrix in the human gastrointestinal tract was undertaken. The analysis of different juices after digestion revealed the presence of numerous inorganic elements essential for biological activity. Green clay of Anyama consisting of chlorite, illite and smectite, released more elements than those of Bingerville, the mineralogy of witch being dominated by kaolinite. The concentration of some ions (Al, Co, Ca, Cu, Fe, Zn, Pb, Si) decreased during the transition from the step of the stomach (pH = 2.5) to that of the small intestine (pH ≈ 7). The proportions of zinc and copper in spite of decrease during the small intestine step, remain superior to the others. To the contrary, an increase was observed for K, Ni and P. Iron and calcium in this series were distinguished by their disappearance during the stage of the small intestine.
References
• Abrahams P.W., Parsons J.A., 1996. Geophagy in the tropics: a literature review. Geographical Journal 162, 63–72.
• Abrahams P.W., Parsons J.A., 1997. Geophagy in the tropics: an appraisal of three geophagical materials. Environmental Geochemistry and Health 19, 19–22.
• Abrahams P.W., Follansbee M.H., Hunt A., Smith B., Wragg J., Barry Smith, Joanna Wragg, 2006. Iron nutrition and possible lead toxicity: An appraisal of geophagy undertaken by pregnant women of UK Asian communities. Applied Geochemistry, 21, 98-108
• Andji Y.Y.J, Abba-Touré A., Kra G. and Yvon J., 2009. Variability of clays from Gounioube deposit (Ivory Coast). Journal of Applied Sciences, 9: 1238-1247.
• Borggaard O. K., 1982. The influence of iron oxide on the surface area of soil. Journal of. Soil Science, 33: 443-449.
• Cabral D.J., Small D.M., 1989. Physical chemistry of bile. In: Shultz, S.G. (Ed.), Handbook of Physiology: The Gastrointestinal System III Section. Waverly Press, Baltimore.
• Cabrera F., Talibudeen O. 1978. The release of aluminium from aluminosilicate minerals. I. Kinetics. Clay. Clays and Clay Minerals, 26, 434-440.
• Cabrera F., Talibudeen O. 1979. The release of aluminum from aluminosilicate minerals; II, Acid-base potentiometric titrations. Clay. Clays and Clay Minerals, 27, 113-118.
• Carignan J., Hild P., Mevelle G., Morel J., Yeghicheyan D. (2001). Routine analysis of trace elements in geological samples using flow injection and low pressure on-line liquid chromatography coupled to ICP-MS. A study of geological reference materials BR, DR-N, UB-N AN-G and GH. Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research. 25, 187-198.
• Carretero M. I., 2002. Clay minerals and their beneficial effects upon human health: a review. Applied Clay Science, 21, 155 – 163
• Carretero M. I. et Pozo M., 2010. Clay and non-clay minerals in the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. Part II. Active ingredients. Applied Clay Science, 47, 171–181
• Cave M. R., Wragg J., Palumbo B., Klinck B. A., 2003. Measurement of the Bioaccessibility of Arsenic in UK Soils. Environment Agency, R&D Technical Report, P5-062/ TR02.
• Chaumande B., 2011. Apport des analyses protéomique et métalloprotéomique pour l’étude de la géophagie. Thèse de l’Université de Strasbourg, 241p
• Cochran M., Goddard G., Ramm G., Ludwigson N., Mrshall J., Halliday J. 1993. Absorbed aluminium is found with two cytosolic protein fractions, other than ferritin, in the rats duodenum. Gut, 34: 643-646.
• Coulibaly V., Sei J., Koffi K. L., Oyetola S., Jdid E.-A. and Thomas F. (2014) Mineralogical and Chemical Characteristics of Clays Consumed in the District of Abidjan (Côte D’Ivoire). Materials Sciences and Applications, 5, 1048-1059. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/msa.2014.514108
• Coulibaly V., Sei J., Oyetola S., Jdid E.A.,Thomas F., Yvon J. (2013). Mineralogy and physicochemical properties of the green clay of Anyama (Côte d’ivoire) used up for its healing properties. European Journal of Science Research, 99, (2), 261-270.
• Cunat L., Lanhers M. C., Joyeux M., Burnel D. (2000). Bioavailability and intestinal absorption of aluminum in rats: effects of aluminum compounds and some dietary constituents. Biological Trace Element Research, 76, 31-55.
• Garnier Christophe von, Holger Stünitz, Michael Decker, Edouard Battegay et Andreas Zeller, 2008. Pica and refractory iron deficiency anaemia: a case report, Journal of Medical Case Reports
• Gelfand M. C., Zarate A., Knepsheild J. H., 1975. A cause of lifethreatening hyperkalemia in patients with chronic renal failure. Journal of the American Medical Association; 234:738 –740.
• Geissler P. W., Mwaniki D., Thiongo F., Michaelsen K. F., Friis H., 1998. Geophagy as a risk factor for geohelminth infections: A longitudinal study among Kenyan primary school children. Transactions of the Royal Society for Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 92, 7-11.
• Gomes C. S., Silva J. B., 2007.Minerals and clay minerals in medical geology, Applied Clay Science 36, 4–21
• Guyot J., 1969. Mesure des surfaces spécifiques des argiles par adsorption. Annales Agronomiques 1969; 20: 33–359
• Holland C.V., O'Lorcain P., Taylor M. R. H., Kelly A., 1995. Sero-epidemiology of toxocariasis in school children. Parasitology 110, 535-545.
• Hooda P. S., Henry C. J., Seyoum T. A., Armstrong L. D., Fowler M. B., 2002. The potential impact of soil ingestion on human mineral nutrition. Environmental Geochemistry and Health 24, 305–319.
• Hooda P. S., Henry C. J. K., Seyoum T. A., Armstrong L. D. M., Fowler M. B., , 2004. The potential impact of soil ingestion on human mineral nutrition. Science of the Total Environment, 333, 75– 87
• Horner R., Lackey C., Kolasa K., 1991. Pica practices of pregnant women. Journal of the American Dietic Association 91, 34-38.
• Hunter J. M. 1973: Geophagy in Africa and in the United States: a culture-nutrition hypothesis. Geographical. Revew., 63, 170–195.
• Johns T., Duquette D., 1991. Detoxification and mineral supplementation as functions of geophagy. American Journal of Clinical. Nutrition, 53, 448–456.
• Liétard O. 1977. Contribution à l’étude des propriétés physicochimiques cristallographiques et morphologiques des kaolins. Thèse d’état ès sciences physiques, INPL Nancy. 322 pp. and annexes.
• Mascolo N., Summa V., Tateo F., 1999. Characterization of toxic elements in clays for human healing use. Appied Clay Science 15, 491–500.
• Mascolo N., Summa V., Tateo F., 2004. In vivo experimental data on the mobility of hazardous chemical elements from clays. Applied Clay Science 25, 23–28.
• Mahaney W. C., Milner M.W., Mulyono H. S., Hancock R. G.V., Aufreiter S., Reich M., Wink M., 2000. Mineral and chemical analyses of soils eaten by humans in Indonesia. International Journal of Environmental Health Research 10, 93–109.
• Minnich V., Okcuoglu A., Tarcon Y., Arcasoy A., Cin S., Yorukoglu O., Randa F., Demirag B., 1968. Pica in Turkey. II effect of clay upon iron absorption. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 21, 78–86.
• Moore D. F., Jr. Sears D. A., 1994. Pica, iron deficiency, and the medical history. American Journal of Medicine 97, 390-393.
• Morel R., 1957, Thèse Doct. Scien., Paris, 200p
• Morel R., 1996, Les sols cultivés, Ed. Lavoisier, Paris,
• Moré J., Bénazet F., Fioramonti J. and Droy-Lefaix M.-T. 1987. Effects of treatment with smectite on gastric and intestinal glycoproteins in the rat: A histochemical study. Histochemical Journal. 19, 665-670.
• Neli G., Maria L. M., Carmen P. G., José L. L., Nastja R. S., Matej D., Nives K., 2016. The mineralogical, geochemical, and thermophysical characterization of healing saline mud for use in pelotherapy. Applied Clay Science, 135, 119-128
• Nchito M., Geissler P.W., Mubila L., Friis H., Olsen A., 2004. Effects of iron and multimicronutrient supplementation on geophagy: a two-by-two factorial study among Zambian schoolchildren in Lusaka. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 98, 218–227.
• Oomen A. G., Hack A, Minekus M, Zeijdner E, Schoeters G, Verstraete W, Von de Wiele T, Wragg J, Rompelberg C. J. M., Sips A., Wijnen J. H. V., 2002. Comparison of five in vitro digestion models to study the bioaccessibility of soil contaminants. Environmental Science and Technology 36, 3326–3334
• Oomen A. G., Sips A. J. M., Tolls J., Van den Hoop M. A. G. T., 2003. Lead Speciation in Artificial Human Digestive Fluid, Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 44, 107–115
• Owumi, S. E., Oyelere, A. K., 2015. Determination of metal ion contents of two antiemetic clays use in Geophagy. Toxicology Reports 2, 928–932
• Powell J. J., Thompson R. P. H. 1993. The chemistry of aluminium in the gastrointestinal lumen and its uptake and absorption. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society, 52, 241-253.
• Powell J. J., Ainley C. C., Evans R., Thompson R. P. H. 1994. Intestinal perfusion of dietary levels of aluminium – Association with the lumen. Gut, 35, 1053-1057.
• Rateau J.-G., Morgant G., Droy-Priot M.-T. and Parier J.-L. 1982. A histological, enzymatic and water-electrolyte study of the action of smectite, a mucoprotective clay, on experimental infectious diarrhoea in the rabbit. Current medical research and opinion. 8, 233-241.
• Roig J. L., Fuentes S., Colomina M. T., Vicens P. and Domingo J. L.. 2006. Aluminum, restraint stress and aging: Behavioral effects in rats after 1 and 2 years of aluminum exposure. Toxicology 218:112-124.
• Ruby M.V., Davis A. J., Houston Kempton, John W. Drexler, Paul D. Bergstroms, 1992. Lead Bioavailability: Dissolution Kinetics under Simulated Gastric Conditions, Environmental Science and Technology, 26, 1242-1248
• Ruby M.V., Davis A., Schoof R., Eberle S., Sellstone C.M., 1996. Estimation of lead and arsenic bioavailability using a physiologically based extraction test, Environmental Science and Technology, 30: 422–430
• Ruby M.V., Schoof R., Brattin W., Goldade M., Post G., Harnois M., Mosby D.E., Casteel S.W., Berti W., Carpenter M., Edwards D., Cragin D., Chappell W.,1999. Advances in evaluating the oral bioaccessibility if inorganics in soil for use in human health risk assessment. Environmental Science and Technology, 33:3697–3705
• Saathoff E., Olsen A., Kvalsvig J.D., Geissler P.W., 2002. Geophagy and its association with geohelminth infections in rural school children from Northern KwaZulu Natal, South Africa. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 96, 485–490.
• Schroder Jackie L., Nicholas T. Basta, Jitao Si, 2003. In Vitro Gastrointestinal Method to Estimate Relative Bioavailable Cadmium in Contaminated Soil, Environmental Science and Technology, 37, 1365-1370
• Smith, B., Rawlins B. G., Cordeiro M. J. A. R., Hutchins M. G., Tiberindwa J. V., Sserunjogi L., Tomkins A. M., 2000. The bioaccessibility of essential and potentially toxic trace elements in tropical soils from Mukono district, Uganda. Journal of the Geological Society, 157, 885–891
• Taste J.P., Environnements sédimentaires et structuraux quaternaires du littoral du golfe de guinée (Côte d’Ivoire, Togo et Benin), Thèse de Doctorat (1979) n°621, Bordeaux I (France)
• Tateo F., Summa V., Bonelli G. C., Bentivenga G., 2001. Mineralogy and geochemistry of herbalist’s clays for internal use: simulation of the digestive process. Applied Clay Science 20, 97–109.
• Trivedi T. H., Daga G. L., Yeolekar M. E., 2005. Geophagia Leading to Hypokalemic Quadriparesis in A Postpartum Patient, Journal of the Association of Physicians of India, 53, 205-207
• Vermeer D. E., Ferrell R. E., 1985. Nigerian geophagical clay: a traditional antidiarrheal Pharmaceutical Science 227, 634–636.
• William A. House, 1999. Trace element bioavailability as exemplied by iron and zinc, Field Crops Research, 60, 115-141
• Williams L.B., 2017. Geomimicry: harnessing the antibacterial action of clays. Clay Minerals, 52, 1–24
• Wong M., Bundy D., Golden M., 1991. The rate of ingestion of Ascaris lumbricoides and Trichuris trichiura eggs in soil and its relationship to infection in two children's homes in Jamaica. Transactions of the Royal Society for Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 85, 89-91.
• Wragg J., Cave M.R., 2003. In-vitro methods for the measurement of the oral bioaccessibility of selected metals and metalloids in soils: A critical review. Environment Agency, R&D Technical Report P5-062/TR/01.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
- Papers must be submitted on the understanding that they have not been published elsewhere (except in the form of an abstract or as part of a published lecture, review, or thesis) and are not currently under consideration by another journal published by any other publisher.
- It is also the authors responsibility to ensure that the articles emanating from a particular source are submitted with the necessary approval.
- The authors warrant that the paper is original and that he/she is the author of the paper, except for material that is clearly identified as to its original source, with permission notices from the copyright owners where required.
- The authors ensure that all the references carefully and they are accurate in the text as well as in the list of references (and vice versa).
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
- The journal/publisher is not responsible for subsequent uses of the work. It is the author's responsibility to bring an infringement action if so desired by the author.
