Extraction of Carotenoid Extracts from Kumquat Waste by Polarity Solvent and Investigation of Its antioxidant Power
Keywords:
Antioxidant, Carotenoid, Ethyl Acetate, Kumquat, Total PhenolAbstract
Carotenoids can be used as nutritional supplements, pigments, and natural antioxidants in food industry. Carotenoids extant in fruits and vegetables are recognised as an effective antioxidant in various nutritional systems. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of different polarity solvent on the carotenoid contents of Kumquat fruit wastes. Solvents such as methanol, ethyl acetate, and ethanol at 25 and 45°C were employed in the extraction process. The antioxidant activity of these extracts was investigated by the widely used DPPH, FRAP, total phenol method and the β-carotene linoleic acid test. The results based on antioxidant power indicated that the most suitable condition for extraction of carotenoids was the use of ethyl acetate solvent at 40°C.
Â
References
Abrahamsson.V, Rodriguez-Meizoso.I, Turner.Ch. Determination of carotenoids in microalgae using supercritical fluid extraction and chromatography. Journal of Chromatography A, 1250:63-68, 2012.
Advali .B, Golein. B. Cultivation of Citrus Fruits.Iran. 12-138, 2011.
Anguelova .T, Warthesen. J. Lycopene stability in Watermelon Powders. Food Chem.Toxicol. 65(1):67-70, 2000.
A.V. Rao, L.G. Rao. Carotenoids and Human Health. Pharmacol. Res. 55; 207-216, 2007.
Britton. G, Liaaen.Jensen .S, Pfander. H, (eds), Carotenoids.Handbook,Birkhäuser Verlag, Basel.Boston.Berlin. 15–538, 2004.
Benzie I.F.F,Strain J.J. Ferric reducing / antioxidant power assay:direct measure of total antioxidant activity of biological fluids and modified version for simultaneous measurement of total antioxidant power and ascorbic acid concentration.J, Methods Enzymol, 299:15-27, 1999.
Delgado-Vargas. F, Paredes-López Andreeva. O. Natural colorants for food and nutraceutical uses. Boca Raton. Florida, 44- 71, 2003.
Delia. B, Rodriguz , Amaya and Mieko Kimura. HarvestPlus Handbook for carotenoid Analysis, 2-51, 2004.
Dixon. R.A, Paiva .N.I. Stress-induced phenylpropanoid metabolism. Plant Cell. 7:1085 – 97, 1995.
Fayyazmehr. B, Asefi. N. Effect of ultrasound waves on amount and antioxidant capacity of extracted lycopene from tomato residue. Food Science and Technology. Faculty of Agriculture. Islamic Azad University. Amol. Iran.J,Iranian Food Science and Technology, 22(3):242-248, 2012.
Fikselova .M, Å ilhar .S, MareÄek. J and FranÄakova. H. Extraction of carrot (Daucuscarota L.) carotenes under different conditions. Czech Journal of Food Science 26: 268–274, 2008.
Haghipoor H., Khanavi M. Investigation of the best method for the extraction of the extant phenol components in Echinacea.J,Echinacea Purpurea (L.)Moench.8 (4):146-152, 2009.
Hayouni.E.A, Abedrabba.M, Bouix.M, Hamdi.M. The effects of solvents and extraction method on the phenolic contents and biological activities in vitro of Tunisian Quercus coccifera L. and juniperus phoenicea L .Fruit extracts. Food Chemistry, 105; 1126-1134, 2007.
Hopkins. W.G. Introduction to Plant Physiology. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. NewYork. 2ed .pp: 134-135, 1999.
Hsin-Lan. L, Bing-Huei. Ch, Tsai-Hua. K, Chyuan-Yuan. Sh. Carotenoids composition in Scutellaria barbata D. Don as detected by high performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection-mass spectrometry-atmospheric pressure chemical ionization. Journal of functional foods 8C, 100-110 2014.
Islam. K.M.S, Schweigert. F.J. Comparison of three spectrophotometric methods for analysis of egg yolk carotenoids.Food Chemistry, 172:233-237, 2015.
Jayaprakasha. G. K, sngh. R. P, and sakariah. K. K.Antioxidant activity of grape seed extract on per oxidation models in vitro. J. Of Food Chem. 73: 285-290, 2001.
Khonsarn.N, Lawan. S. Level of Xanthophyll, Lutein and Zeaxanthin in Selected Thai Fruits Determined by HPLC.International Conference on Nutrition and Food Sciences. 39:240-243, 2012.
L.Roberts.R, Green.J, Lewis.B.Lutein and zeaxanthin in eye and skin. Clinics in Dermatology, 27:195–201, 2009.
Mehdizadeh R., Fazeli M., Nejad Sattari T., Tofiqi h., Jamalifar h., Mirzaei S. Application of organic solvents, Visible, ultra – violate and HPLC spectroscopy methods in the optimization, extraction and determination of the concentration of lycopene in watermelon, Tehran Medical Science University, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Studies, The medicine and food control group. 23:718-725, 2009.
Michaud. D.S, Feskanich .D, Rimm. E.B, Colditz. G.A, Speizer. F.E, Willett. W.C. Intake of specific carotenoids and risk of lung cancer in 2prospective US cohorts. Am. J. Clin.Nutr, 72(4):990-99, 2000.
Miller, H.E. A simplified method for the evaluation of antioxidants. J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. 48: 91, 1971.
Moden. B, Chuckle. H, Lubin. F. Note on the role of dietary retinol and carotene in human gastrointestinal cancer. Int. J. Cancer. 1981; 28:421, 1986.
Mohamadi. M, Elhami Rad. A.H, Pourfallah. Z. Determination of total phenolic compound contents and antioxidant capacity of persimmon skin. Journal of Health Food, 2(1); 41-51, 2012.
Perkins.V, Collins Pair. S.D and Roberts. W. Lycopene content differs among redfleshed watermelon cultivars. J. Sci. Food and Agr, 81:983-987, 2001.
Qarakhani M., Qarakhani A., Qorbani M. The influence of Thompson Orange peel and flesh extracts on various basis on the prevention of soya oil oxidation. J,Echinacea Purpurea (L.)Moench, 10(2):55-66, 2010.
Ranjbar A., Maqsoudloo Y., Qorbani M., Sadeqi Mahoonak A. Optimization of lycopene extraction from tomato skin and bagasse. J.Iranian Food Science and Technology, 8(1):9-15, 2010.
Ravichandran, K., N. M. M. T. Saw, A. A. A. Mohdaly, A. M. M. Gabr, A. Kastell, H. Riedel, Z. Cai, D. Knorr and I. Smetanska. Impact of processing of red beet on betalain content and antioxidant activity. Food Res. Int. 50: 670–675, 2013.
Salari A., Habibi Najafi M., Farhoosh r. Extraction from grapeseed with various solvent systems and evaluation of its antioxidant and antiradical properties. Mashhad Ferdosi University,J,Food Science and Technology, 5(1):1-10, 2008.
Samsam shariat .SH. Extraction of effective components of herbal medicine, determination and evaluation methods, Mani Press. Esfahan. Iran. pp: 12 – 13, 1992.
Sheikhzadeh. M, Hakimzadeh. V, Abedi Qanbarabad. M. Optimization of the carotenoid extraction from banana skin based on lutein, Islamic Azad University Quchan.3red National Conference on Food Science and Technology, 6-11, 2014.
Socaciu. C. Food Colorants Chemical and Functional Properties. CRC Press Taylor & Francis Group. Boca Raton. 652p, 2008.
Toor .R.K, Savage .G.P. Antioxidant activity in different fractions of tomatoes. Food Res.International. 38: 487 – 94, 2005.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
- Papers must be submitted on the understanding that they have not been published elsewhere (except in the form of an abstract or as part of a published lecture, review, or thesis) and are not currently under consideration by another journal published by any other publisher.
- It is also the authors responsibility to ensure that the articles emanating from a particular source are submitted with the necessary approval.
- The authors warrant that the paper is original and that he/she is the author of the paper, except for material that is clearly identified as to its original source, with permission notices from the copyright owners where required.
- The authors ensure that all the references carefully and they are accurate in the text as well as in the list of references (and vice versa).
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
- The journal/publisher is not responsible for subsequent uses of the work. It is the author's responsibility to bring an infringement action if so desired by the author.
