Physical Properties of Carboxymethyl Cellulose Reinforced-Sucrose Plasticised Thermoplastic Mango Starch Biofilms
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24203/ajas.v8i4.6168Keywords:
Thermoplastic Mango starch; Sucrose plasticiser; water uptake; oil uptake, vapour absorption index.Abstract
Attempt to save the planet from numerous environmental challenges has been an on-going activity for many decades, through the use of sustainable materials and processes. These have necessitated researches in materials science driven by sustainable chemical approach to derive sustainable materials that do not depend on fossil resources for industrial feedstock, and these materials do not have a negative outcome on the environment. This study investigated the physical and intermolecular interaction of Mango starch derived bioplastic plasticised with sucrose, and reinforced with carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC). Water uptake (WU) were observed to decrease significantly as the molar concentration of HCl or sucrose increases independently, and increase in WU was observation when CMC was increased (p ≤ 0.05). Increasing the molar concentration of HCl or the percentage amount of sucrose as plasticiser has no effect on the oil-uptake (OU), while increasing the percentage of CMC resulted to a decrease, which shows no effect as the CMC amount increases (p > 0.05). Vapour absorption index (VAI) showed a similar trend to WU but significantly, higher outcomes were observed (p ≤ 0.05). The FTIR results also indicate that a physical interaction has occurred between the blends increase in sucrose showed a change in the FTIR peaks especially in the broader peaks observed in the O-H regions of 3500-3200 cm-1 compared to unplasticized native mango starch.
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[1]
S. Pradhan, “Optimization and characterization of Bioplastic Produced by Bacillus Cereus SE1,†Mational Institute of Technology, Rourkela, 2014.
[2] Plastice, “Innovative Value Chain Development For Sustainable Plastics in Central Europe,†Central Europe Program and Co-financed by the European Regional Development, 2012. [Online]. Available: www.plastice.org. [Accessed 7 August 2018].
[3] O. O. Fabunmi, I. G. Tabil-Jr, S. Panigrahi and P. R. Chang, “Developing Biodegradable Plastics from Starch,†in ASABE Section Meeting Presentation:, 2007.
[4] UNEP, “ Biodegradable Plastics & Marine. Misconceptions, Concerns and Impacts on Marine Environments.,†in United Nations Enviroment Programme(UNEP), Nairo, 2012.
[5] A. Andrady, “Microplastics in the Marine Environment,†Marine Pollution Bulletin, vol. 62, no. 8, pp. 1596-1605., 2011.
[6] GESAMP, “Sources, Fate and Effects of Microplastics in the Marine Environment - a Global Assessment. GESAMP Reports and Studies Series (2015).,†GESAMP (IMO/FAO/UNESCO-IOC/UNIDO/WMO/IAEA/UN/UNEP/UNDP Joint Group of Experts on the Scientific Aspects of Marine Environmental Protection) , 2016.
[7] W. Blunt, D. B. Levin and N. Cicek, “ Bioreactor Operating Strategies for Improved Polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) Productivity.,†Polymers, vol. 10, no. 1197, pp. 1-29., 2018.
[8] M. Felix, V. Perez-Puyana, A. Romero and A. Guerrero, “Production and Characterization of Bioplastics Obtained by Injection Moulding of Various Protein Systems,†Journal Polymer Environment , vol. 4, no. 8, p. 472 – 476, 2016.
[9] R. Dassanayake, S. Acharya and N. Abidi, “Biopolymer-Based Materials from Polysaccharides: Properties, Processing, Characterization and Sorption Applications,†in Advanced Sorption Process Applications, intechopen, 2018.
[10] M. Lackner, “ Biobased Plastics as Renewable and/or Biodegradable Alternatives to Petro-plastics,†in Kirk-Othmer Encyclopaedia of Chemical Technology, US, Wiley, 2015.
[11] Z. A. Tariq, “Physical and Chemical Investigations of Starch Based Bio- Plastics. PhD Thesis,†University of Leicester, Leicester City, 2015.
[12] A. Abbott, A. D. Ballantyne and J. P. Conde, “Salt Modified Starch: Sustainable, Recyclable Plastics,†Green Chemistry, vol. 14, pp. 1302-1307, 2012.
[13] E. Agwamba, L. Hassan, M. Achor and A. M. Sokoto, “Taguchi Optimization of Carboxymethylation Process and Effect Reaction Efficiency on Swelling Capacity,†Asian Journal of Applied Sciences, vol. 7, no. 5, p. 528 536, 2019.
[14] J. Wissinger, P. Harris, A. Johnson, C. Ahrenstorff and L. Seifert, “Make it and Break it: Bioplastic from Plant Starch. University of Minnesota Centre for Sustainable Polymers. : 1-9.,†University of Minnesota Centre for Sustainable Polymers (A NSF Centre for Chemical Innovation), Minnesota, 2016.
[15] A. Jones, M. A. Zeller and S. Sharma, “Thermal, Mechanical, and Moisture Absorption Properties of Egg White Protein Bioplastics with Natural Rubber and Glycerol,†Progress in Biomaterials, vol. 2, no. 12, pp. 1-13, 2013.
[16] Y. Pomeranz, “ Functional Properties of Food Components.,†in Carbohydrate: structural Polysaccharide, Pectin, and Gum. , Orlando, Academic press Inc, 2012, p. 100..
[17] M. Maulida, M. Siagian and P. Tarigan, “Production of Starch Based Bioplastic from Cassava Peel Reinforced with Microcrystalline Cellulose Avicel PH101 using Sorbitol as Plasticiser,†Journal of Physics: Conference Series , vol. 710, pp. 1-7, 2016.
[18] R. T. Morrison and R. N. Boyd, Organic Chemistry, London: Allyn and Bacon., 1974.
[19] P. M., P. Oakley and M. Sain, “ Development of Novel Wax-enabled Thermoplastic Starch Blends and Their Morphological, Thermal and Environmental Properties,†International Journal of Composite Materials, vol. 4, no. 5, pp. 204-212., 2014.
[20] M. A. P. and A. Dufresne, “Morphological Investigations of Nanocomposites From Sorbitol Elasticized Starch and Tunicin Whiskers,†Biomacromolecules, vol. 3, pp. 609-617, 2002.
[21] Q. Jiang, W. Gao, X. Li and Z. Liu, “Synthesis and Properties of Carboxymethyl Pueraria Thomsonii Benth Starch.,†Starch/Sta¨ rke, vol. 63, p. 692–699, 2011.
[22] J. Wang and H. M. Hon, Journal of Biomaterial Science (Polymer Edition), vol. 14, p. 119., 2003.
[23] O. Lawal, M. D. Lechner and W. M. Kulicke, “Single and Multistep Carboxymethylation of Water Yam (Dioscorea alata) Starch: Synthesis and Characterization,†International Journal Biological Macromolecule, vol. 42, p. 429–435, 2008.
[24] X. Li, W. Gao, L. Huang and Y. Wang, “Preparation and Physicochemical Properties of Carboxymethyl Fritillaria ussuriensis Maxim Starches,†Carbohydrate Polymer, vol. 80, p. 768–773, 2010.
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2020-08-28
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Copyright (c) 2020 Ernest C. Agwamba, Lawal G. Hassan , Abdullahi M. Sokoto , Mohammed Achor, Sani A. Zauro
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How to Cite
Physical Properties of Carboxymethyl Cellulose Reinforced-Sucrose Plasticised Thermoplastic Mango Starch Biofilms. (2020). Asian Journal of Applied Sciences, 8(4). https://doi.org/10.24203/ajas.v8i4.6168
