Comparative Evaluation of Metals and Heavy Metals in Some Yemeni Crude and Fuel Oil
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24203/ajas.v8i6.6384Keywords:
crude, fuel oil, Mareb, Masila oil Sounah, Hijah, heavy metalsAbstract
Due to high importance of the crude oil to the modern society as a source of energy and as raw material for a wide chemical and petro chemical industries.
In this study we made assessment of metals and heavy metals in some Yemeni crude, and fuel oils namely Mareb crude oil blend, Masila crude oil blend plus two samples from Sounah and Hijah oil fields in Masila basin.
Fifteen metals and heavy metals were determined in above samples, but the most indicated were ( Na, K, Mg, ) and ( V, Co, Ni ) using ICP technique and atomic absorption spectroscopy .
The order of concentration of metals in Yemeni crude oils were as shown in figures:
Na < K < Co < Mg < V < Ni < Ca< Fe < Cd < Al< Zn < Cr < Cu < Pb < Mn.
In Fuel oil: Na < Co < V < Mg < K < Ni < Ca < Fe < Al < Cd < Zn < Cr< Pb < Mn < Cu.
Comparing concentrations of metals in studied sample, in general were less than in crude oil and fuel oil in many countries. That mean Yemeni crude and fuel oil are the best in quality.
The order of concentration of metals in Yemeni crude oils were as shown in figures:
Na < K < Co < Mg < V < Ni < Ca< Fe < Cd < Al< Zn < Cr < Cu < Pb < Mn.
In Fuel oil: Na < Co < V < Mg < K < Ni < Ca < Fe < Al < Cd < Zn < Cr< Pb < Mn < Cu.
Comparing concentrations of metals in studied sample, in general were less than in crude oil and fuel oil in many countries. That mean Yemeni crude and fuel oil are the best in quality.
References
Alrich J., hilner A. and Stark H., "Distribution of trace elements in crude oils from Southern Germany," Chemical Geology, vol. 48, 1985.
Altaban A., ( 1999 ), Spectroscopy Analysis for Metals and Heavy Metals in Syrian Crude Oil. Master thesis , University of Aleppo.
Alkiali A., Zuhair W., ( 1991). Chemistry & Technology of Petroleum. Universityof Aleppo publication , faculty of science.
Barbooti M. M, Al-Madfai S. H. and Al-Sammerrai D. A., "Thermogravimetric characterization of Quayarah heavy crude oils," Journal of Thermal Analysis, vol. 31, pp.253-260,1986.
Barbooti M., Al-Taee M.A. and. Qasim B. H, "Electrothermal atomic absorption spectrophotometric determination of V, Ni and Pb in hydrocarbons polluted Soils," Engineer, Technol, vol. 28, pp. 17-28, 2010.
Beydoun, Z. R. As-Saruri, M. and Baraba, R. S. 1996. Sedimentary basins of the Republic of Yemen: their: structural evolution and geological characteristics. Revue InstitutFrancaisPetrole, 51(6), 763-775.
Csato, I., A. Habib, K. Kiss, I. Kocz, Z. Kovacs, K. Lorincz, and K. Milota, 2001. Play concepts ofoil exploration inYemen: Oil and Gas Journal, 99, 68–74.
Dulama, I.D.., Popescu, I.V., Stihi, C., Radulescu, C., Cimpoca, Gh.V.,Toma, L.G., Stirbescu, R., Nitescu, O., Romanian Report on Physics, 64(4), 2012.
Ellis, A. C., Kerr, H. M., Cornwell, C. P. and Williams, D. O. 1996.A tectonostratigraphic framework for Yemen and its implication for hydrocarbon potential.Petroleum Geoscience, 2, 2942.
Hitchon B. and Filby R. H., "use of trace elements for classification of crude oils into families, examples from Alberta, Canada," American Association of Petroleum and Geologists (AAPG), pp. 838-849, 1984.
Holmes, C.W and Barnes, S.S (1977) Trace Metal Mineralogical Analysis of Suspended and Bottom Sediment. South Texas. U.S Burea of land Management.
NNPC/PTI (1987) The Petroleum Industry. An International Seminar Report, 4, 103-105.
Popescu, I.V., Frontasyeva, Stihi, C., Cimpoca, Gh.V., Radulescu C., Gheboianu, A., Oros, C., Vlaicu, Gh., Petre, C., Bancuta, I., Dulama I.D., Romanian Journal of Physics, 55(7-8), 8212010.
Popescu I.V., Frontasyeva M., Stihi C., CimpocaGh.V., Radulescu C., State G., Gheboianu A., Oros C., Cilicov, O., Bancuta, I., Dulama, I.D, Romanian Reports on Physics, 63, 1205, 2011.
Reynolds J. G., "Removal of Nickel and Vanadium from Heavy Crude Oils by Echange Reaction," Americal Chemical Society, Divisions of fuel Chemistry, vol. 49, pp. 79-80, 2004.
Redfern P., Jones J.A., The interior basins of Yemen—analysis of basin structure and stratigraphyin a regional plate tectonic context, Basin Res. 7 (1995) 337–356.
State, G., Popescu, Ion V., Gheboianu, A., Radulescu, C., Dulama, I., Bancuta, I., Stirbescu, R., Romanian Journal of Physics, 56(1-2), 2011.
Stanisley, P. (2002). Waste discharge during offshore Oil and Gas activity. Environmental Impact of the offshore Oil and Gas Industry. 31, 48-65.
Stihi, C., Radulescu, C., Busuioc, G., Popescu, I.V., Gheboianu, A., Ene, A., Romanian Journal of Physics, 56(1-2), 257, 2011.
United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA)(2002). Data quality review. EPA/540/R-02/506. National risk Management Laboratory. Office of Research and Development U.S Environmental Protection Agency
Valcarel, M.(2000) Principles of Analytical Chemistry, New York. Springer-Verlag BerlinHeidelberg.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2020 Rokhsana M. Ismail, Fatima Sahleh Nagi
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
- Papers must be submitted on the understanding that they have not been published elsewhere (except in the form of an abstract or as part of a published lecture, review, or thesis) and are not currently under consideration by another journal published by any other publisher.
- It is also the authors responsibility to ensure that the articles emanating from a particular source are submitted with the necessary approval.
- The authors warrant that the paper is original and that he/she is the author of the paper, except for material that is clearly identified as to its original source, with permission notices from the copyright owners where required.
- The authors ensure that all the references carefully and they are accurate in the text as well as in the list of references (and vice versa).
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
- The journal/publisher is not responsible for subsequent uses of the work. It is the author's responsibility to bring an infringement action if so desired by the author.
