Physicochemical Properties of Starches from Three Nigerian Commercial Varieties of Cowpea (<i>Vigna Unguiculata</i>) in Comparison with Three Hybrid Types

Authors

  • Kehinde O. Soetan
  • Michael A. Falola
  • Louis M. Nwokocha University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria

Keywords:

Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata), starch, physicochemical properties, x-ray diffraction, electron microscopy

Abstract

Starch isolated from three Nigerian commercial cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) varieties: Drum, Oloyin (sugary), Sokoto, and three hybrid types: ART 98-12, Ife BPC and Ife brown were characterized in terms of x-ray diffraction, electron microscopy, chemical composition, amylose content, swelling power and amylose leaching, RVA paste characteristics, paste clarity and freeze-thawing stability. The starches exhibited A-type diffraction pattern with granule size range 4.71-58.82μm. The starches contained 28.68-35.15% amylose and exhibited high pasting temperatures, restricted swelling and amylose leaching, low paste clarity and poor freeze-thaw stability. The hybrid types showed improved pasting and gel properties for food exploitation.

Author Biography

Louis M. Nwokocha, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria

Department of Chemistry

Senior Lecturer

References

. Singh, B.B., Mohan, D.R., Dashiell, K.E., & Jackai, L.E.N. (1997). Advances in Cowpea Research, International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Ibadan, Nigeria.

. Inaizumi, H., Singh, B.B., Sanginga, P.C., Manyong, V., Adesina, A.A., & Tarawali, S. (1999). Adoption and impact of dry-season dual-purpose cowpea in the semiarid zone of Nigeria (pp. 16). IITA publications. IITA and Meg-Comm Network.

. Dugje, Y., Omoigui, L.O., Ekelem, F., Kamara, A.Y., & Ajeigbe, H. (2009). Farmers’ Guide to Cowpea Production in West Africa (pp. 1). International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Ibadan, Nigeria.

. Rachie, K.O. (1985). Introduction in: eds. S.R Singh and K.O. Rachie, Cowpea research, production and utilization. (pp. xxi- xxviii), Wiley, New York.

. Nielsen, S., Ohler, T., & Mitchell, C. (1997). Cowpea leaves for human consumption: production, utilization, and nutrient composition. In: Singh, B., Mohan Raj, D., Dashiell, K., Jackai, L. (eds) Advances in cowpea research. International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA) and Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences (JIRCASS), pp 326-332. Ibadan, Nigeria.

. Hamid, S., Muzzafar, S., Wani, I.A., Masoodi, F.A. & Yildiz, F. (2015). Physicochemical and functional properties of two cowpea cultivars grown in temperate Indian climate. Cogent Food & Agriculture 1: 1.

. Henshaw, F.O. (2008). Varietal differences in physical characteristics and proximate composition of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata). World Journal of Agricultural Sciences 4 (3): 302-306.

. Cabezas, M.T., Garcia, J., Murillo, B., Elias, I.G., Bressani, R. (1982). Nutritive value of raw and processed cowpeas. Arch Latinoam Nutr. 32 (3): 543-558.

. Ashogbon, A.O. & Akintayo, E.T. (2013). Isolation and characterization of starches from two cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) cultivars. International Food Research Journal 20 (6): 3093-3100

. Alcázar-Alay, S.C. & Meireles, M.A.A. (2015). Physicochemical properties, modifications and applications of starches from different botanical sources. Food Science and Technology (Campinas) 35 (2): 215-236.

. Juliano, B.O., Villareal, R.M. & Baños, L. (1987). Varietal differences in physicochemical properties of waxy rice starch. Starch/Stärke 39: 298–301.

. Schoch, T.J. & Maywald, E.C. (1968). Preparation and properties of various legume starches. Cereal Chemistry 45: 564–573.

. Nwokocha, L.M., Soetan, K.O., & Williams, P.A. (2010). A study of the properties of starch isolated from three varieties of Lablab purpureus seeds. Carbohydrate Polymers 79: 685–693.

. AOAC (2000). Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC) International (Official Method 923.03, 923.05, 962.09, 979.09.), William, H. (Ed). 17th ed., Gaithersburg, MD, USA.

. Stevenson, D.G., Doorenbos, R.S., Jane, J. & Inglett, G.E. (2006). Structures and functional properties of starch from seeds of three soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) varieties. Starch/Starke 58: 509–519.

. Singhal, R.S. & Kulkarni, P.R. (1990). Some properties of Amaranthus paniculatas (Rajgeera) starch pastes. Starch/Starke 42 (1): 5–7.

. Lawal, O.S. (2008). Hydroxypropylation of pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan) starch: Preparation, functional characterizations and enzymatic digestibility. IC/2008/ 031. United Nations Educational, Scientiï¬c and Cultural Organization and International Atomic Energy Agency. The Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics. Available from: http://publications.ictp.it.

. Fukai, Y., Takaki, E., & Kobayashi, S. (1994). Changes in three kinds of starch granules after enzyme treatment. Journal of Agricultural Chemical Society of Japan. 68: 793–800.

. Tang, H., Watanabe, K., & Mitsunaga, T. (2002). Structure and functionality of large, medium and small granule starches in normal and waxy barley endosperms. Carbohydrate Polymers 49 (2): 217–224.

. Hoover, R., Li, Y.X., Hynes, G., & Senanayake, N. (1997). Physicochemical characterization of mung bean starch. Food Hydrocolloids. 11 (4): 401–408.

. Vanier, N.l., Zavareze, E.R., Pinto, V.Z., Klien, B., Botelho, F.C., Dias, A.R.G. & Elias, M.C. (2012). Physicochemical, crystallinity, pasting and morphological properties of bean starch oxidised by different concentrations of sodium hypochlorite, Food Chemistry 131 (4): 1255-1262,

. Shimelis, E., Meaza, M., & Rakshit, S. (2006). Physicochemical properties, pasting behavior and functional characteristics of flours and starches from improved bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) varieties grown in East Africa. Agricultural Engineering International: the CIGR Ejournal. Manuscript FP 05 015. Vol. VIII.

. Lii, C.Y. & Chang, S.M. (1981). Characterization of red bean (Phaseolus radiatus var.aurea) starch and its noodle quality. Journal of Food Science, 46: 78-81.

. Galvez, F.C.F. & Resurreccion, A.V.A. (1993). The effects of decortication and method of extraction on the physical and chemical properties of starch from mung bean (Vigna radiate (L.) wilczec). Journal of Food Processing and Preservation. 17: 93-107.

. Arora, S.K. & Das, B. (1976). Cowpea as potential crop for starch. Starch/Stärke 28: 158–160.

. Lai, C.C. & Varriano-Marston, E. (1979). Studies on the characteristics of black bean starch. Journal of Food Science 44 (2): 528–530.

. El Tinay, A.H., El Hardalou, S.B., & Nour, A.M. (1983). Comparative study of three legume starches. International Journal of Food Science and Technology 18 (1): 1–9.

. Wickramasinghe, H.A.M. & Noda, T. (2008). Physicochemical properties of starches from Sri Lankan rice varieties. Food Science and Technology Research 14 (1): 49–54.

. Lindeboom, N., Chang, P.R., & Tyler, R.T. (2004). Analytical, biochemical and physicochemical aspects of starch granule size, with emphasis on small granule starches: A review. Starch/Starke 56: 89–99.

. Noranizan, M.A., Dzulkifly, M.H. & Russly, A.R.( 2010). Effect of heat treatment on the physico-chemical properties of starch from different botanical sources. International Food Research Journal 17: 127-135

. Craig, S.A.S., Maningat, C.C., Seib, P.A. & Hoseney, R.C. (1989). Starch paste clarity. Cereal Chem. 66(3): 173-182.

. Takeiti, C., Fakhouri, F., Ormenese, R.,Steel, C. & Collares, F. (2007). Freeze-thaw stability of gels prepared from starches of non-conventional sources. Starch/Starke 5 (3-4): 156–160.

Downloads

Published

2017-06-16

How to Cite

Soetan, K. O., Falola, M. A., & Nwokocha, L. M. (2017). Physicochemical Properties of Starches from Three Nigerian Commercial Varieties of Cowpea (<i>Vigna Unguiculata</i>) in Comparison with Three Hybrid Types. Asian Journal of Applied Sciences, 5(3). Retrieved from https://ajouronline.com/index.php/AJAS/article/view/4669

Issue

Section

Articles