Development and Validation of a Food Frequency Questionnaire for Assessment of Diet in Lower and Middle Income Countries; A study among People Living with HIV/AIDS in Nepal.
Keywords:
HIV/AIDS, Food, Nutrition, Diet, FFQ, Validation, NepalAbstract
Assessing the validity of a Food FrequencyQuestionnaire (FFQ) by comparison with other established dietary assessmentmethods is essential prior to use of a new FFQ in different population groups.In this study a new FFQ for Nepal was developed with 73 food items andadministered by an interviewer who then carried out a 24-h recall. 73 adults living with HIV/HIDS (43M and 30F)were purposively recruited. A nutrient database to estimate the intake ofenergy and macronutrients (fat, protein, and carbohydrate) and selectedmicronutrients (iron, β-carotene and vitamin C) was compiled from Nepalese,Indian and UK based on food composition tables. Comparison of mean intakes bythe two methods showed good agreement between the FFQ and 24-h recall for themean intake of energy, protein, carbohydrate, iron, vitamin C and Vitamin A(all p>0.20) but fat intake was significantly lower by the FFQ than the 24-hrecall (p<0.001). Pearson correlation coefficients between the methodsranged from 0.50 to 0.60 for energy and macronutrients but were below 0.3 formicronutrients. Bland-Altman analyses showed reasonable agreement between thegroup means but wide individual differences between methods. The newly designedsemi-quantitative FFQ can estimate the group mean intake for selectednutrients.References
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