Financial Health & Corporate Performance of Listed Manufacturing Companies in Hong Kong & Singapore: A Comparative Study of the Two Asian Tigers
Keywords:
Financial Health, Corporate Performance, Manufacturing, Altman Z-Score, Return on EquityAbstract
Hong Kong and Singapore are two leading economies in Asia Pacific. This study examines the relationship between the financial health, as measured by the Altman Z-Score, and corporate performance, as measured by the Return on Equity (ROE), of listed manufacturing companies in these two markets. A linear regression was conducted between these variables to determine the magnitude and direction of their relationships. The trends of Z-Scores over a fourteen-year period are also analyzed. The analysis covers the period from 2000 to 2013(inclusive) and yielded a statistically positive correlation between ROE and the Z-Score for both markets. Singapore and Hong Kong both registered moderate-to-high mean and median Z-Scores. However, Hong Kong is comparatively healthier. Â These findings further support the economic stature of these two markets as Asian tigers.
Â
References
Agarwal, V., & Taffler, R. J. “Twenty-five years of the Taffler Z-Score model: Does it really have predictive ability?â€, Accounting and Business Research, vol. 37, no. 4, pp285-300, 2007.
Altman, E. I., “Financial Ratios, Discriminant Analysis and The Prediction of Corporate Bankruptcyâ€, The Journal of Finance, vol. 23, no. 4, pp589-609, 1968.
Altman, E. I., “Accounting implications of failure prediction modelsâ€, The Journal of Accountancy, vol. 6, no. 1, pp4-19, 1982.
Altman, E. I., “Revisiting credit scoring models in a Basel 2 environmentâ€, Lecture at National Taiwan University. 2007. Available: www.fin.ntu.edu.tw/~hwangdar/94emba19.ppt,
Altman, E. I., & McGough, “T. P. Evaluation of a company as a going-concernâ€, The Journal of Accountancy, vol. 143, pp50-57, 1974.
Aziz, M. A., & Dar, H. A. “Predicting corporate bankruptcy: where we stand?â€, Corporate Governance, vol. 6, no. 1, pp18-33, 2006.
Beaver, W. H., “Financial ratios as predictors of failureâ€, Journal of Accounting Research, vol. 4, pp71 - 111, 1966.
Beynon, M. J., & Peel, M. J., “Variable precision rough set theory and data discretisation: An application to corporate failure predictionâ€, Omega, vol. 29, pp561-576, 2001.
Blum, M. P., “Failing company discriminant analysisâ€, Journal of Accounting Research, vol. 12, no. 1, pp1-25, 1974.
Calandro Jr, J., “Considering the utility of Altman's Z-Score as a strategic assessment and performance management toolâ€, Strategy & Leadership, vol. 35, no. 5, pp37-43, 2007.
Chen, M. C., Cheng, S. J., & Hwang, Y. “An empirical investigation of the relationship between intellectual capital and firms’ market value and financial performanceâ€, Journal of Intellectual Capital, vol. 6, no. 2, pp159-176, 2005.
Chen, S., & Dodd, J. L., “Economic Value Added (EVA): An Empirical Examination of a New Corporate Performance Measureâ€, Journal of Managerial Issues, vol. 9, no. 3, pp318-333, 1997.
Chung, K. C., Tan, S. S., & Holdsworth, D. K., “Insolvency prediction model using multivariate discriminant analysis and artificial neural network for the finance industry in New Zealandâ€, International Journal of Business and Management, vol. 3, no. 1, pp19-29, 2008.
Cohen, B., “Urbanization in developing countries: Current trends, future projections, and key challenges for sustainabilityâ€, Technology in Society, vol. 28, pp69, 2006.
Damodaran, A., “Return on Capital (ROC), Return on Invested Capital (ROIC) and Return on Equity (ROE): Measurement and Implicationsâ€, Stern School of Business. Available: http://people.stern.nyu.edu/adamodar/pdfiles/papers/returnmeasures.pdf, pp11, 2007.
Deakin, E. B., “Business failure prediction: An empirical analysisâ€, In E. Altman, & A. Sametz (Eds.), “Financial crises: Institutions and markets in a fragile environmentâ€, New York: John Wiley, pp28, 1977.
Frydman, H. E., Altman, E. I., & Kao, D. G., “Introducing Recursive Partitioning for Financial Classification: The Case of Financial Distressâ€, Journal of Finance, vol. 40, no. 1, pp269-291, 1985.
Gunathilaka, C., “Financial Distress Prediction: A Comparative Study of Solvency Test and Z-Score Models with Reference to Sri Lankaâ€, The IUP Journal of Financial Risk Management, vol. 11, no. 3, pp39-51, 2014.
Hagel, J., & D, J., “The Best Way to Measure Company Performance – HBRâ€, Available: https://hbr.org/2010/03/the-best-way-to-measure-compan.html, 2010.
Koh, H. C., & Killough, L. N., “The use of multiple discriminant analysis in the assessment of the going concern status of an audit clientâ€, Journal of Business Finance & Accounting, vol. 17, no. 2, pp179-192, 1990.
Levitan, A. S., & Knoblett, J. A., “Indicators of exceptions to the going concern assumptionâ€, Auditing: A Journal of Practice and Theory (Fall), pp26-39, 1985.
Meric, I., Lentz, C., Li, S., & Meric, G., “A Comparison of the Financial Characteristics of Hong Kong and Singapore Manufacturing Firmsâ€, Global Journal of Business Research, vol. 8, no. 3, pp31-37, 2014.
Neophytou, E., Charitou, A., & Charalambous, C., “Predicting corporate failure: Empirical evidence for the UKâ€, Discussion Paper No. 01-173, March, School of Management, University of Southampton, Southampton, 2001.
Ohlson, J., “Financial Ratios and the Probabilistic Prediction of Bankruptcyâ€, Journal of Accounting Research, vol. 18, no. 1, pp109-131, 1980.
Perez, M., “Artificial neural networks and bankruptcy forecasting: a state of the artâ€, Neural Computer & Application, vol. 15, pp154-163, 2006.
Pradhan, R., “Z Score Estimation for Indian Banking Sectorâ€, International Journal of Trade, Economics and Finance, vol. 5, no. 6, pp516-520, 2014.
Sherbo, A., & Smith, A., “The Altman Z-Score Bankruptcy Model at Age 45: Standing the Test of Time?â€, ABI Journal, vol. 32, no. 11, pp40-42, 2013.
Stowe, J. D., Robinson, T. R., Pinto, J. E., & McLeavey, D. W., “Analysis of Equity Investments: Valuationâ€, Baltimore, MD: Association for Investment Management and Research (AIMR), 2002.
Thai, S., Goh, H., Teh, B., Wong, J., & Ong, T., “A Revisited of Altman Z- Score Model for Companies Listed in Bursa Malaysiaâ€, International Journal of Business and Social Science, vol. 5, no. 12, pp197-207, 2014.
Trippi, R. R., & Turban, E., “Neural networks in finance and investing: using artificial intelligence to improve real-world performanceâ€, (pp. 367-394). London: IRWIN Professional Publishing, pp367-394, 1996.
Wang, Y., & Campbell, M., “Business Failure Prediction For Publicly Listed Companies In Chinaâ€, Journal of Business and Management, vol. 16, no. 1, 75-88, 2010.
Wang, Y., & Campbell, M., “Do Bankruptcy Models Really Have Predictive Ability? Evidence Using China Publicly Listed Companiesâ€, International Management Review, vol. 6, no. 2, 77, 2010.
Zhao, Y., “The Relationship between Share Price Gains, Corporate Performance and Riskâ€, OALib Journal. Available: http://www.oalib.com/paper/2993772 pp110-112, 2013.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
- Papers must be submitted on the understanding that they have not been published elsewhere (except in the form of an abstract or as part of a published lecture, review, or thesis) and are not currently under consideration by another journal published by any other publisher.
- It is also the authors responsibility to ensure that the articles emanating from a particular source are submitted with the necessary approval.
- The authors warrant that the paper is original and that he/she is the author of the paper, except for material that is clearly identified as to its original source, with permission notices from the copyright owners where required.
- The authors ensure that all the references carefully and they are accurate in the text as well as in the list of references (and vice versa).
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
- The journal/publisher is not responsible for subsequent uses of the work. It is the author's responsibility to bring an infringement action if so desired by the author.