Germplasm Collection and Seed Diversity of Cowpea (<i>Vigna unguiculata</i> (L.) Walp.)

Authors

  • Nadiya A. Al-Saady
  • Saleem K Nadaf Oman Animal & Plant Genetics Resources Center, The Research Council, PO Box 1422, PC 130, Al-Athiba, Sultanate of Oman. Formerly, Ministry of Agriculture & Fisheries
  • Ali H. Al-Lawati
  • Saleh A. Al-Hinai

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.24203/ajafs.v6i4.5349

Keywords:

Landraces, accession, seed characters, diversity, cowpea, Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp

Abstract

Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.) is a legume crop cultivated in whole of Arabian Peninsula countries including Oman as a dual crop for both food and fodder during summer. Both consumers and farmers prefer large size seeds. This paper presents the results of collecting missions of indigenous cowpea germplasm and analysis of seed diversity of collected accessions. The collecting mission led to the accumulation of seed samples of 64 accessions with large number from the governorates of Sharqiya (North Eastern) (19), followed by Dhofar (Southern) (17), Al-Dakhiliyah (Interior) (10), South Batinah (South Coast) (9), North Batinah (North coast) (5) and Dhahira & Buraimi (4). The accessions were diverse in respect to all the seed traits studied, i.e. seed length (cm) and width (cm), 100-seed weight (g) and seed color. The accessions were grouped into 14 genetically diverse clusters based on the Principal Component Analysis, which revealed the contribution of seed length and 100-seed weight to the total variation existing in indigenous germplasm collected from all the governorates of Oman. The results of critical examination of seed color pattern of these samples indicated the presence of as many as 31 groups of which the largest group had 16 accessions followed by a group with 4 accessions, 2 groups with 3 accessions each and 9 groups with 2 accessions. There were 19 accessions numbering 193, 197, 251, 269, 276, 280, 293, 297, 301, 303, 325, 327, 328, 331, 332, 333, 339, 343 and 347 which formed groups of their own due to a unique combination of seed coat colors.

References

MAF, “Annual Agriculture Statistics-2017â€, Director General of planning and Investment Promotions. Department of Statistics and Information. Ministry of Agriculture & Fisheries. Oman, 2017.

MAF, “Agriculture Census-2004-2005â€, Ministry of Agriculture & Fisheries. Sultanate of Oman, 2005.

Singh BB, Cambliss OI, and Sharma, RB, “Recent advances in cowpea breedingâ€, In: Singh B.B., Mohan Raj D.R., Dashiell K.E., Jackai L. E. N (Eds). “Advances in cowpea researchâ€. Ibadan: IITA-JIRCA, Ibadan, Nigeria, pp. 30-49, 1997.

Ba SF, Pasquet RS, Gepts P, “Genetic diversity in in cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp.) as revealed by RAPD markersâ€, Genet. Res. Crop. Evol., vol. 51, 539-550, 2004.

Singh BB, Emechebe AM, “Inheritance of Striga resistance in cowpeas genotype B301â€, Crop Sci., vol. 3(4), 879-881, 1990.

Ahamad KU, Akhter B, Islam MR, Alam MA, Humauan MR, “Assessment of genetic diversity in cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L. Walp.) germplasmâ€, Bull.Inst. Trop. Agr., Kyushu Univ., vo. 37, 57-63, 2014.

Drabo I, Ladeinde TAO, Redden R, Smithson JB, “Inheritance of seed size and number per pod in cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.â€, Field Crops Research, vol. 11, 335-344, 1985.

Ehlers JD, Hall AE, “Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.â€, Field Crops Research, vol. 53, 187-201, 1997.

Lopes FCC, Gomes RLF, Filho FRF, “Genetic control of cowpea seed sizes†Scientia Agricola., vol. 60, 315-318, 2003.

Araujo JPP, “Melhoramento do caupi no Brasilâ€. In: ARAÚJO, J.P.P. de; Watt, E.E. (Org.) O caupi no Brasil. Brasília: IITA; EMBRAPA, 249-283, 1988.

Hodgkin T, “Some current issues in conservation of genetic resourcesâ€: In: Ayad WG, Hodgkin T, Jaradat A, Rao, VR, (Eds), ‘Molecular genetic techniques for plant genetic resources’. Report of an IPGRI workshop. 9-11 October 1995, Rome, Italy. 1997.

Egbadzor KF, Dadoza M, Danquah EY, Yeboah M, Offei M, Ofori K, “Genetic control of seed size in cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walpâ€, Int. J. Agric. Sci., vol. 5, 367-371, 2013.

Mafakheri K, Bihamta MR, Abbasi AR, “Assessment of genetic diversity in cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.) germplasm using morphological and molecular characteristicsâ€, Cogent Food & Agriculture, vol. 3, 1327092, 20p. 2017.

Renganayaki K, Rengasamy SR, “Path coefficient analysis in cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L. Walp.)†Madras Agric. J., vol. 79, 476-481, 1992.

Singh SP, “Broadening the genetic base of common bean cultivars: A reviewâ€, Crop Sci., vol. 1, 1659-1675, 2001.

Gerrano AS, Abebola PO, Jansen van Rensburg WS, Laurie, SM, “Genetic variability in cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L. Walp.) genotypesâ€, South African J. Plant and Soil., vol. 32, 165-174, 2015.

Al-Saady NA, Nadaf SK, Al-Lawati AH, Al-Hinai SA, Al-Subhi AS, Al-Farsi SM, Al-Habsi KM, Siddique KHM, “Multicrop Legume Germplasm Collection in Omanâ€. International Journal of Agriculture & Biology, vol. 16, 231-241, 2014.

Al-Saady NA, Nadaf SK, Al-Lawati AH, Al-Hinai SA, Al-Subhi AS, Al-Farsi SM, Al-Habsi KM, Siddique KHM, “Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) germplasm collection in Omanâ€. Int. J. Agri. Innovations and Res. (IJAIR), vol. 6, 212-217, 2018a

Al-Saady NA, Nadaf SK, Al-Lawati AH, Al-Hinai SA, Al-Subhi AS, Al-Farsi SM, Al-Habsi KM, Siddique KHM, “Germplasm collection in Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) in Omanâ€, Int. J. Agri. Innovations and Res. (IJAIR), vol. 6, 218-224, 2018.

Ghalmi N, Malice M, Jacquemin J, Ounane S, Mekliche L, Baudoin JP, “Morphological and molecular diversity within Algerian cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) landracesâ€, Genet. Resour. Crop Evol., vol. 57, 371-386, 2009.

XLSTAT, “Data Analysis and Statistical Solution for Microsoft Excelâ€. Addinsoft, Paris, France, 2017.

Mathur VL, “Genetic divergence in fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.)â€. Indian J. Genetics & Plant Breeding, vol. 52, 428-432, 2010.

Guarino L, “Crop collecting in the Sultanate of Oman in the context of Arabian Peninsula†FAO/ IBPGR PGR Newsl., vol.77, 27-33. 1990.

Janmohammadi M, Movahedi Z, Sabaghnia N, “Multivariate statistical analysis of some traits of bread wheat for breeding under rainfed conditionsâ€, J. Agric. Sci., vol. 59, 1-14, 2014.

Molosiwa OO, Gwafila C, Makore J, Chite SM, “Phenotypic variation in cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) germplasm collection from Botswanaâ€, Int. J. Biodivers.Conserv., vol. 8, 153-163, 2016.

Mahalakhshmi V, Ng Q, Lawson M, Ortiz R, “Cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.] core collection defined by geographical, agronomical and botanical descriptorsâ€, Plant Genetic Resources: Characterization and Utilization, vol. 5(3), 113-119, 2007.

Egbadzor KF, Ofori K, Dadoza YM, Aboagye LM, Opoku-Agyeman MO, Danquah EY, Offei SK, “Diversity in 113 cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. accessions assessed with 458 SNP markersâ€, Springer plus, vol. 3, p.541. 2014. https://dx.doi.org/10.1186%2F2193-1801-3-541.

Downloads

Published

2018-08-17

How to Cite

Al-Saady, N. A., Nadaf, S. K., Al-Lawati, A. H., & Al-Hinai, S. A. (2018). Germplasm Collection and Seed Diversity of Cowpea (<i>Vigna unguiculata</i> (L.) Walp.). Asian Journal of Agriculture and Food Sciences, 6(4). https://doi.org/10.24203/ajafs.v6i4.5349

Issue

Section

Articles