Park Chung-Hee Regime's Saemaul Undong an the Populist Political Strategy-Focusing on Rural Saemaul Undong in the 1970s-
Keywords:
Saemaul Undong, Rural Development, Korean Populist, Political Strategy, Park Chung-Hee, 1970Abstract
Ha Jea-Hoon
Saemaul Globalization Foundation
Gumi, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea jeahoonha@hanmail.net
ABSTRACT - This study purports to review Saemaul Undong (new village movement) in the 1970s as a rural modernization movement from a perspective of populism. From the perspective of direct appeals to the people and top-down solidarity as a basic theory of populism, the development of Saemaul Undong in the 1970s can be interpreted as the process of interaction of combination of the governing strategy of the Park, Chung-Hee regime and villager’s socioeconomic demands. Park obtained comradeship or comradely union from villagers by holding several rural events and providing economic rewards by encouraging comradely connection with the people. The regime pursued strong solidarity between the nation and rural areas by applying the cooperative traditions of rural areas to the organization and system of Saemaul Undong. The administration attained successful results by making the people have identical group consciousness through large-scale Saemaul education and Saemaul symbols and eventually disseminated the governing ideology of modernization throughout the country effectively. Therefore, his administration came to vitalize and spread Saemaul Undong in the 1970s through building a comradely sense among the people, strengthening solidarity between the nation and the people, and reinforcing the identity between the people. That is a basic theory of populism which is one type of governing strategies, containing direct appeals to the people and top-down solidarity
Keywords: Saemaul Undong, populism, Park Chung-Hee regime, mass mobilization, rural modernization
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