On the Application of Genetic Probabilistic Neural Networks and Cellular Neural Networks in Precision Agriculture
Abstract
This article details the effect of Gaussian smoothing parameter (spread) on the performance of Probabilistic Neural Networks (PNN). Two (2) different Genetic Algorithms (GAs) were used to optimize the PNN spread in order to avoid under and over fitting. In this work there is a novel combination of Cellular Neural Networks (CNN), Probabilistic Neural Networks (PNN) and GA to address the present challenges on automatic identification of plant species. Such problems include misclassification species of plants that are similar in shapes and image segmentation speed. In this work, GA was used in both feature selection and PNN parameter optimization. Â The GA developed herein improved the performance of the PNN. This work serves as a framework for building image classification or pattern recognition system.
References
H O Babatunde, C O Akanbi, O G Fadare, A A Eludire, O B Aluko, and O G Egbedokun. On numerical simulation of a boundary-valued neuronal model. World J of Engineering and Pure and Applied Sci, WJEPAS, 20(2):20–25, 2012.
Oluleye Babatunde, L. Armstrong, J Leng, and D Diepeveen. Zernike moments and genetic algorithm: Tutorial and application. British Journal of Mathematics and Computer Science, 4(15):2217–2236, 2014.
Babatunde Oluleye, Armstrong Leisa, Leng Jinsong, and Diepeveen Dean (2014). A Genetic
Algorithm-Based Feature Selection. International Journal of Electronics and Communication and Computer
Engineering, IJECCE 5(4); 889-905
T Z Charles and Z R Ralph. Fourier descriptors for plane closed curves. IEEE Transactions on Computers, C-21(3):269–281, 1972.
Pornpanomchai Chomtip, Kuakiatngam Chawin, Supapathranon Pitchayuk, and Siriwisesokul Nititat. Leaf and flower recognition system (e-botanist). IACSIT International Journal of Engineering and Technology, 3(4):10–15, 2011.
L O Chua and T Roska. Cellular neural networks and vision computing. Cambridge University Press, 2002.
L O Chua and L Yang. Cellular neural networks: theory and applications. IEEE Trans on Circuits and System, 35(10):1257–1272, 1988.
B Clarke, E Fokoue, and H Zhang. Principles and theory for data mining and machine learning. Springer Series in Statistics;
http://www.amazon.com/Principles-Machine-Learning-Springer-Statistics/dp/0387981349:Page 798, 2009.
James S Cope, David Corney, Jonathan Y Clark, and Paul W Remagnino. Plant species identification using digital morphometrics: A review. Digital Imaging Research Centre, Kingston University,London,UK and Department of Computing, University of Surrey, Guildford Surrey, UK, pages 1–21, 2011.
Z Dengsheng and Lu Guojun. A comparative study on shape retrieval using fourier descriptors with different shape signatures. Gippsland School of Computing and Information Technology,Monash University,Australia, 2000.
R Ercsey, M Maria, Z Nda, and T Roska. Statistical physics on cellular neural network computers. Physica D: Nonlinear Phenomena, 237(9):2051–2068, 2008.
J. B. Fourier. The Analytical Theory of Heat. The Universal Press, 1878.
B Hezekiah, A T Akinwale, and O Folorunso. A cellular neural networks- based model for edge detection. Journal of Information and Computing Science, 5(1):003–010, 2010.
MathWorks. Matlab neural network toolbox documentation. MathWorks. Inc. [Online]. Available:, 2007.
Mathworks. Signal processing toobox (discrete fourier transform (dft)). MathWorks. Inc, 2009.
K Meeta, K Mrunali, P Shubhada, P Prajakta, and B Neha. Survey on techniques for plant leaf classification. International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER), 1(2):538–544, 2012.
K K Pahalawatta. A plant identification system using both global and local features of plant leaves. MSc Thesis at the department of Computer Science and Software Engineering, University of Canterbury, New Zealand, pages 1–127, 2008.
Emanuel Parzen. On estimation of a probability density function and mode. Annals of Mathematical Statistics, Vol 33, Issue 3:1065–1076, 1962.
T Roska, A Zarandy, and C Rekeczky. Cellular neural networks. CRC Press LLC, 2003.
D F Specht. Probabilistic neural networks for classification, mapping, or associative memory. IEEE International Conference on Neural Networks, 1(2):525–532, 1988.
M.R Teague. Image analysis via the general theory of moments. J. Optical Soc. Am. 70, page 920-930, 1980.
Arif Thawar, Krekor Zyad Shaaban, Lala, and Baba Sami. Object classification via geometric, zernike and legendre moments. Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology, Vol 7. No 1:31–37, 2009.
Karrels Tyler. Fourier descriptors: Properties and utility in leaf classification. ECE 533 Fall 2006
B.; Stefan L.; Karsten B. & Andreas Z. Urilch, W.; Peter. Plant species classication using a 3d lidar sensor and machine learning. Ninth International Conference on Machine Learning and Applications, pages 339–345, 2010.
Stephen Gang Wu, Forrest Sheng Bao, Eric You Xu, Yu-Xuan Wang, Yi-Fan Chang, and Qiao-Liang Xiang. A leaf recognition algorithm for plant classification using probabilistic neural network. IEEE 7th International Symposium on Signal Processing and Information Technology, Cario, Egypt; ArXiv 0707.4289 v1 [ CS.AI], 2007.
Yonqing Xin, Pawlak Miroslaw, and X L. Simon. Image reconstruction with polar zernike moments. ICARPR 2005, LNCS 3687, pages 394–403, 2005.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
- Papers must be submitted on the understanding that they have not been published elsewhere (except in the form of an abstract or as part of a published lecture, review, or thesis) and are not currently under consideration by another journal published by any other publisher.
- It is also the authors responsibility to ensure that the articles emanating from a particular source are submitted with the necessary approval.
- The authors warrant that the paper is original and that he/she is the author of the paper, except for material that is clearly identified as to its original source, with permission notices from the copyright owners where required.
- The authors ensure that all the references carefully and they are accurate in the text as well as in the list of references (and vice versa).
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
- The journal/publisher is not responsible for subsequent uses of the work. It is the author's responsibility to bring an infringement action if so desired by the author.