Evaluation of Copper, Iron and Lead level in Some Selected Vegetables in Three Abuja main Market
Keywords:
Estimation, Copper, Iron, Lead, Vegetables, AbujaAbstract
The level of Copper, Iron and Lead contents in six selected Vegetables in Abuja Markets were determined using Atomic Absorption Spectrometry. The vegetables include; Ductus carrotus, Citrullus lanatus, Ipomea batatas, Alium sepa, Gingiber officinalis. and Detariium microcapum. The results revealed that average concentrations of Cu, Fe, Pb detected were ranged from 24- 28µg/g, 320 - 2140µg/g, 20 - 100µg/g for Utako market, 18 - 34µg/g, 260- 720µg/g, 20µg/g for Wuse Market, 26 - 34µg/g, 260 - 1940µg/g, 20 - 100µg/g for Garki market respectively. The concentrations levels of the metals were compared with those reported for similar vegetables from some other parts of the world. The intakes of Cu, Fe and Pb through vegetables was also estimated and were found to be below the recommended tolerance levels proposed by Joint FAO/WHO Expert committee on Food Additives, 1999. The Cu, Fe and Pb contents obtained showed that vegetables from these markets could serve as good dietry supplement since the levels are within safety baseline contents for human consumption.
References
IARC, (2003). Fruit and vegetables. International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon.pp. 22-23
Mosha, T.C. and Gaga, H.E. (1999). Nutritive value and effect of blanching on trypsin and chymotrypsin inhibitor activities of selected leafy vegetables. Plant Foods Human Nutrition, 54: 271-283.
Delibacak, S., Elmaci, O.L, Secer, M. and Bodur, A. (2002). Trace element and heavy metal concentrations in fruits and vegetables of the Gediz River region. International Journal of Water. Vol. 2, No. 2/3.
Robertson, A., Tirado, C., Lobstein, T., Jermini, M., Knai, C. and Jensen, J. (2004). Food and health in Europe: a new basis for action. European Series, No. 96. WHO Regional Publications, Copenhagen. 12: 32-34
Fasuyi, O.A. (2006). Nutritional potentials of some tropical vegetable leaf meals: Chemical characterization and functional properties. African Journal of Biotechnology, 5: 49- 53.
Adeleke R. O. and Abiodun O. A. (2010). Chemical Composition of Three Traditional Vegetables in Nigeria. Pakistan Journal of Nutrition 9 (9): 858-860
Orech, F.O., Akenga, T., Ochora, J., Friis, H. and Aagaard, H. (2005). Potential toxicity of some traditional leafy vegetables consumed in Nyang’oma Division, Western Kenya. African Journal for Food Agriculture and Nutritional Development. Online, 5(1).
Okeno, J.A., Chebet, D.K. and Mathenge, P.W. ( 2003). Status of indigenous vegetables in Kenya. Acta Hort., 621: 9.
Smith, F.I. and Eyzaguirre, P. (2007). African leafy vegetables: Their role in the world health organization’s global fruit and vegetables initiatives. African Journal for Food Agriculture Nutritional Development. Online, 7: 1-9.
Zoro, B. I., Koffi, K.K. and Dje, Y. (2006). Caractérisation botanique et agronomique de trois espèces de cucurbits consommées en sauce en Afrique de l’Ouest: Citrullus sp., Cucumeropsis manii, Lagenaria siceraria. Biotechnol. Agron. Soc. Environ., 7(3-4): 187-199.
Onianwa, P.C., Adeyemo, A.O., Idowu, O.E. and Ogabiela, E.E. (2007). Copper and zinc contents of Nigerian foods and estimates of the adult dietary intakes. Food Chemistry. 72, 89–95.
Konofal, E., Lecendreux, M., Arnulf, I. and Mouren, M.C. (2004). Iron deficiency in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Arch. Pediatr. Adolesc. Med. 158:1113-1115.
[ 13] Kocak, S., Tokusoglu, O. and Aycan, S. (2005). Some heavy metal and trace essential element detection in canned vegetable foodstuffs by differential pulse polarography (DPP), Electronic Journal Environ. Agric. Food Chemistry.volume 4: pp.871-878.
Audu, A.A. and A.O. Lawal, 2005. Variation in metal contents of plants in vegetable garden sites in kano metropolis. Journal of Applied Science Environment, 10:105-109.
D’Mello, J.P.F, (2003). Food safety: Contaminants and toxins. Cambridge: CABI Publishing,
Sridhar, M.K., Olawuyi, J.F., Adogame L.A., Okekearu, O. C.O. and Linda, A. (2000). Lead in the Nigerian environment: problems and prospects, in 11th Annual International Conference on Heavy Metals in the Environment. University of Michigan, School of Public Health.19: 12-13
Radwan, M.A. and Salama, A.K. (2006). Market based survey for some heavy metals in Egyptian fruits and vegetables. Food and Chemical Toxicology 44: 1273- 1278.
Devkota, B. and Schmidt, G.H. (2000). Accumulation of heavy metals in food plants and grasshoppers from the Taigetos Mountains, Greece. Agric. Ecosystem. Environment. Volume 78, pp.85-91.
Frost, H.L. and Ketchum, L.H. (2000). Trace metal concentration in durum wheat from application of sewage sludge and commercial fertilizer. Advance Environmental Research. 4, 347-355.
Parveen, Z., Khuhro, M.I. and Rafiq, N. (2003). Market basket survey for lead, cadmium, copper, chromium, nickel and zinc in fruits and vegetables. Bull. Environ. Contamination Toxicology. 71: 1260–1264
Abou -Arab A. A and Abou Donia M.A.(2000) Heavy metals in Egyptian spices and medicinal plants and the effect of processing on their levels. J.Agric. Food Chem. 48, 2300
Murphy, E.W., Marsh, A.C and Willis B.W.(1978). Nutrient content of spices and herbs. J. Am. Diet. Assoc. 72, 174.
Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (1999). Summary and conclusions. I: 53rd Meeting, Rome, June 1–10
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
- Papers must be submitted on the understanding that they have not been published elsewhere (except in the form of an abstract or as part of a published lecture, review, or thesis) and are not currently under consideration by another journal published by any other publisher.
- It is also the authors responsibility to ensure that the articles emanating from a particular source are submitted with the necessary approval.
- The authors warrant that the paper is original and that he/she is the author of the paper, except for material that is clearly identified as to its original source, with permission notices from the copyright owners where required.
- The authors ensure that all the references carefully and they are accurate in the text as well as in the list of references (and vice versa).
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
- The journal/publisher is not responsible for subsequent uses of the work. It is the author's responsibility to bring an infringement action if so desired by the author.
