Geometrical Design and Optimization of Stirrer for Friction Stir Welding
Keywords:
Friction, Stir, Welding, strength, stir-pin, Design, Mixing ratio, FSW, stirrer.Abstract
This paper investigates the influence of the pin geometry on mechanical properties of Aluminium 2024-T351 welded by friction stir welding (FSW). Square, triangle, and cylindrical pin geometries were studied for optimization due to the improvement ratio in tensile and bending strength. The results show that improvement ratio about 10% in mechanical properties was detected at the square pin case compared with the triangle and cylindrical pin geometries. The weld strength increases significantly by decreasing the feeding rate at all travel speeds. Calculations of the scanned zone by stirrer showed that the square pin produced the more significant mixing ratio compared to triangle pin. Development in mixing rate is about 15% by the square stirrer. Also, on the other hand, the results of the calculations of the scanned zone by stirrer pointing to that the size of mixing rate produced by the cylindrical pin is lower than the other types of tool.
References
N. Mendes, P. Neto, A. Loureiro, et al., Machines and control systems for friction stir welding: a review, Materials and Design 910 (2016) 256–265.
C. Hamilton, M.St. Węglowski, S. Dymek, P. Sedek, Using a coupled thermal/material flow model to predict residual stress in friction stir processed AlMg9Si, Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance 24 (2015) 1305–1312.
Omar S. Salih, Hengan Ou. W. Sun, D. G. McCartney, A review of friction stir welding of aluminium matrix composites, Materials and Design 86 (2015) 61–71.
R. Moshwan, F. Yusof, et al., Effect of tool rotational speed on force generation, microstructure and mechanical properties of friction stir welded Al–Mg–Cr–Mn (AA 5052-O)
alloy, Materials and Design 66 (2015) 118–128.
M. Azizieh, A.H. Kokabi, P. Abachi, Effect of rotational speed and probe profile on microstructure and hardness of AZ31/ Al2O3 nanocomposites fabricated by friction stir processing, Materials and Design 32 (2011) 2034–2041.
M. Golmohammadi, M. Atapour, A. Ashrafi, Fabrication and wear characterization of an A413/Ni surface metal matrix composite fabricated via friction stir processing, Materials and Design 85 (2015) 471–482.
S.A. Alidokht, A. Abdollah-zadeh, et al., Microstructure and tribological performance of an aluminium alloy based hybrid composite produced by friction stir processing, Materials and Design 32 (2011) 2727–2733.
Y. Huang, Y. Wang, et al., Microstructure and surface mechanical property of AZ31 Mg/SiCp surface composite fabricated by direct friction stir processing, Materials and Design 59 (2014) 274–278.
A. Dolatkhah, P. Golbabaei, et al., Investigating effects of process parameters on microstructural and mechanical properties of Al5052/SiC metal matrix composite fabricated via friction stir processing, Materials and Design 37 (2012) 458–464.
M. Zohoor, M.K.B. Givi, P. Salami, Effect of processing parameters on fabrication of Al-Mg/Cu composites via friction stir processing, Materials and Design 39 (2012) 358–365.
H.M. Rao, J.B. Jordon, B. Ghaffari, X. Su, A.K. Khosrovaneh, M.E.
H. Rao, B. Ghaffari, W. Yuan, J. Jordon, H. Badarinarayan, Mater. Sci. Eng. A 651 (2016) 27–36. Barkey, et al., Int. J. Fatigue 82 (2016) 737–747.
B. Ratna Sunil, G. Pradeep Kumar Reddy, A.S.N. Mounika, P. Navya Sree, P. Rama Pinneswari, I. Ambica, et al., J. Magnes. Alloys 3 (2015) 330–334.
J.P. Bergmann, R. Schuerer, K. Ritter, Key Eng. Mater. 549 (2013) 492–499.
U. Singarapu, K. Adepu, S.R. Arumalle, J. Magnes. Alloys 3 (2015) 335–344.
A. Ben-Artzy, A. Munitz, G. Kohn, B. Bronfin, A. Shtechman, Magnes. Tech. (2002) 295–302.
L. Liu, H. Wang, G. Song, J.N. Ye, J. Mater. Sci. 42 (2007) 565–572. [8] N. Yamamoto, J. Liao, S. Watanabe, K. Nakata, Mater. Trans. 50 (2009) 2833–2838.
Marek Stanisław Węglowski, Friction stir processing – State of the art, Archives of Civil and Mechanical Engineering 18 ( 2 0 1 8 ) 114–129. [19] Y. Chen, K. Nakata, Scr. Mater. 58 (2008) 433–436.
Rai, R., De, A., Bhadeshia, H., DebRoy, T., (2011) "Friction stir welding tools." Science and Technology of Welding and Joining, 16, 325-342.
Zhang, Y., Cao, X., Larose, S., Wanjara, P., (2012) "Review of tools for friction stir welding and processing." Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly 51, 250-261.
Rajakumar, S., Muralidharan, C., Balasubramanian, V., (2010)"Optimization of the friction stir welding process and tool parameters to attain a maximum tensile strength of AA7075–T6 aluminum alloy". Journal of Engineering Manufacture 224, 1175-1191.
Leal, R., Leitao, C., Loureiro, A., Rodrigues, D., Vilaça, P., (2008)"Material flows in heterogeneous friction stir welding of thin al sheets: effect of shoulder geometry." Materials Science and Engineering: A 498, 384-391.
Dawes, C., Thomas, W., 1999, "Development of Improved Tool Designs for FSW of Aluminum." Proceedings of the First International Conference on Friction Stir Welding, 2-6.
T. DebRoy and H. Bhadeshia, Sci-Technol Weld Joining, (2010), 15(4), 266-270.
N. T. Kumbhar and K. Bhanumurthy, (2008) "Friction Stir Welding of Al 6061 Alloy Materials", Science Division Bhabha Atomic Research Centre Trombay, Mumbai – 400085, India Asian J. Exp. Sci., Vol. 22, No. 2,; pp. 63-74.
P. Murali Krishna, N. Ramanaiah and K. PrasadaRao, (2013) "optimization of process parameters for Friction Stir Welding of Dissimilar Aluminium alloys (AA2024-T6 and AA6351-T6) by using Taguchi Method", International Journal of Industrial Engineering Computations 4 pp. 71-80.
G. Elatharasan and V. S. Senthil Kumar, (2013), "An Experimental Analysis and Optimization of process parameters on Friction Stir Welding of AA 6061 – T6 Al Alloy using RSM," International Conference on Design and Manufacturing, IConDM, pp. 1227-1234.
M. Ghosh, K. Kumar, S.V. Kailas, A. K. Ray, (2010) "Optimization of Friction Stir Welding parameters for dissimilar Al Alloys" Material and Design, 31, pp. 3033-3037.
Pouranvari, M., (2011) “TLP Bonding of A Gamma Prime Strengthened Super alloy Using Ni-Si-B Interlayer at 1150°C Part II: Mechanical Properties", World Applied Sciences Journal, 15(11), pp. 1532-1533.
Kumar R., M. Siva Pragash, and S. Varghese, (2013) "Optimizing the Process Parameters of FSW on AZ31BMg Alloy by Taguchi-Grey Method", Middle East Journal of Scientific Research, 15 (1), pp. 161-167.
Mustafa Boz, Adem Kurt, (2004), "The Influence of Stirrer Geometry on Bonding and Mechanical Properties in friction stir welding process," Journal of Materials and Design, Volume 25, pp. 343-347.
SriramulaSai Kumar, P. Satish Kumar, (2015), "Characterization and Processing of Friction Stir Welding on Copper Welds"International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology, Volume: 04, Issue: 11.
A. Pradeep, S. Muthukumaran, (2013), "An Analysis to Optimize The Process Parameters of FSW Low Alloy Steel Plates," International Journal of Engineering, Science, and Technology, Vol. 5, No. 3, pp. 25-35.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
- Papers must be submitted on the understanding that they have not been published elsewhere (except in the form of an abstract or as part of a published lecture, review, or thesis) and are not currently under consideration by another journal published by any other publisher.
- It is also the authors responsibility to ensure that the articles emanating from a particular source are submitted with the necessary approval.
- The authors warrant that the paper is original and that he/she is the author of the paper, except for material that is clearly identified as to its original source, with permission notices from the copyright owners where required.
- The authors ensure that all the references carefully and they are accurate in the text as well as in the list of references (and vice versa).
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
- The journal/publisher is not responsible for subsequent uses of the work. It is the author's responsibility to bring an infringement action if so desired by the author.
