Conceptual Framework for the Design of a Child Motorcycle Safety Seat
Keywords:
Children, safety, motorcycles, Malaysia, design, frameworkAbstract
Motorcycles are a common mode of transport in Malaysia where families with children can be common seen riding together. However a child riding pillion on underbone motorcycles are not safely protected from falling down from the motorcycle apart from holding onto the adult in front. The current feature in an underbone motorcycle seat does not provide or lack the necessary protection for the child pillion riders. The current seat requires a systematic framework in order to design and develop a safety motorcycle backrest seat for Malaysian child pillion riders of underbone type motorcycles. Therefore the main objective of this paper is to propose a conceptual framework to showcase the conceptual design and development of a child friendly motorcycle seat. In order to design and develop our safety motorcycle backrest seat for child pillion riders, a leading International Automotive Consultancy’s (IAC) New Product Introduction (NPI) process and subsequent IAC Design & Development Process was adopted and adapted to be able to properly design, develop, test and produce a robust prototype seat. The main IAC NPI will be abbreviated from the kick off until the prototype release milestone. The IAC NPI is then divided to 4 main phases starting from the initiating five concepts and choosing the best concept; designing and developing the chosen concept; building the first prototype test the design; validating the design and releasing the final prototype.
References
S Kulanthayan, A. Razak, E Schenk. Driver characteristics associated with child safety seat usage in Malaysia: A cross-sectional study. Accident Analysis & Prevention, vol .42, no.2, pp. 509-514, 2010
S Kulanthayan, LG See, Y Kaviyarasu, MZ Nor Afiah. Prevalence and determinants of non-standard motorcycle safety helmets amongst food delivery workers in Selangor and Kuala Lumpur. Injury, vol. 43, no.5, pp.653-659, 2012.
NS Abdul Sukor, S Fujii. Motorcyclists I – Helmet Usage and Speeding Behaviour from A Psychological Perspective, Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, vol. 5, no.8, pp.1115-1120, 2011.
B Watson, D Tunnicliff, K White, C Schonfeld, D Wishart. Psychological and social factors influencing motorcycle rider intentions and behaviour, ATSB Research And Analysis Report Road Safety Research Grant Report 2007-04, Centre for Accident Research and Road Safety (CARRS-Q) Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia, pp. 1-149, 2007.
A Hamzah, Y Ahmad, SV Wong. Child Helmet Efficacy for Motorcycle Use in Malaysia, MRev 04/2009, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Malaysian Institute of Road Safety Research (MIROS), 2010.
S Sivasankar, K Karmegam, MS Bahri, HS Naeini, S Kulanthayan. Safety system for child pillion riders of underbone motorcycles in Malaysia. Traffic Injury Prevention, vol. 15, no. 6, 564-571. 2014.
MM Abdul Manan, A Várhelyi , Motorcycle fatalities in Malaysia, IATSS Research, vol. 36, no. 1 pp.30–39, 2012.
M Peden, K Oyegbite, J Ozanne-Smith. World Report on Child Injury Prevention. World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland, 2008.
E Olofsson, O Bunketorp, AL Andersson. Children at risk of residual physical problems after public road traffic injuries – A 1-year follow-up study. Injury, vol. 43, no. 1, pp.84-90, 2012.
S Sambasivam, K Karuppiah, SBM Tamrin, K Subramaniam, HS Naeini., Non-Compliance of Malaysia Motor Vehicles (Safety Seatbelts) Rules 1978. Iranian Journal of Public Health, vol. 43, no.3, pp.1-6, 2014.
SE Tee. Child injuries leave lifelong scars. United Nations Children's Emergency Fund (Unicef) Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur Malaysia, 2009. Available from: http://www.unicef.org/malaysia/media_10132.html
SE Tee. Keep kids safe from injury. United Nations Children's Emergency Fund (Unicef) Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur Malaysia, 2009. Available from: http://www.unicef.org/malaysia/media_10132.html
The Star: Motorcyclists in rural areas prefer to ride without helmets, 2012. Available from: http://www.thestar.com.my/story/?file=/2012/8/30/metroperak/11935383&sec=metroperak
I Matzavakis, CE Frangakis, A Charalampopoulou, E Petridou. Burn injuries related to motorcycle exhaust pipes: a study in Greece. Burns, vol. 31, no. 3, pp.372-374, 2005.
R Roberts, E Kelson, D Goodall-Wilson, R Kimble, Motorcycle exhaust burns in children. Burns, vol. 28, no. 4, pp.367-369, 2002.
D Atkinson, Global New Product Introduction and Development in the Automotive Sector, PhD Thesis, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton, United Kingdom, 2007.
K Mittal , P Kaushik & D Khanduja, Evidence of APQP in quality improvement: An SME case study, International Journal of Management Science and Engineering Management, vol. 7, no. 1, pp.20-28, 2012
K Sanongpong, Automotive process-based new product development: A review of key performance metrics. In Proceedings of the World Congress on Engineering, vol.1, pp.1 – 3, 2009.
Y Zhao, T Kramer, R Brown, X Xu. Information modelling for interoperable dimensional metrology, 1st Ed, Springer Science & Business Media, London, United Kingdom, 2011.
M Bobrek, Sokovic, Implementation of APQP-concept in design of QMS. Journal of Materials Processing Technology, vol. 162, no.1, pp.718-724, 2005.
IAC Business Operating System, New Product Introduction Process, IAC, United Kingdom, 2012.
OS Williams, New Product Introduction Process Improvements in an Automotive Company, Master of Research in Innovative Manufacturing Thesis, Cranfield University, Bedfordshire, United Kingdom, 2008.
P MacLeod, Availability and Capabilities of 'low-end' Virtual Modelling (prototyping) Products to Enable Designers and Engineers to Prove Concept Early in the Design Cycle. Prime Faraday Partnership, Loughborough University, Leicester, United Kingdom, pp.1-36, 2001.
B Hartmann. Gaining Design Insight through Interaction Prototyping Tools. Ph.D. Thesis, Stanford University, California, United States of America (USA), 2009.
A Kulkarni, A Kapoor, M Iyer, V Kosse. Virtual prototyping used as validation tool in automotive design. In 19th International Congress on Modelling and Simulation-Sustaining Our Future: Understanding and Living with Uncertainty, pp.419-425, 2011.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
- Papers must be submitted on the understanding that they have not been published elsewhere (except in the form of an abstract or as part of a published lecture, review, or thesis) and are not currently under consideration by another journal published by any other publisher.
- It is also the authors responsibility to ensure that the articles emanating from a particular source are submitted with the necessary approval.
- The authors warrant that the paper is original and that he/she is the author of the paper, except for material that is clearly identified as to its original source, with permission notices from the copyright owners where required.
- The authors ensure that all the references carefully and they are accurate in the text as well as in the list of references (and vice versa).
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
- The journal/publisher is not responsible for subsequent uses of the work. It is the author's responsibility to bring an infringement action if so desired by the author.
