Electrical Characterization of Chitosan Film for Mercury Ion Detection by using Four-Point Probe Method
Keywords:
Chitosan, Mercury, Resistivity, Four-Point ProbeAbstract
This paper reports the results of electrical characterization of chitosan film for mercury ion detection. The electrical resistivity of the film with different concentration, temperature and contact time with mercury solution was studied. This parameters have been measured with four-point probe method by the measurement of current (nA) and voltage (mV). The experimental results show that the variation of the concentration, mercury solution temperature and contact time between chitosan film and the mercury solution affected the resistivity of the chitosan film. This study has shown the capability of chitosan to bind mercury ions by chelation as one of its main properties and the present study will be a good base for further development of lab-on-chip sensor for heavy metal detection.References
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• Alina, M., Azrina, a., Mohd Yunus, a. S., Mohd Zakiuddin, S., Mohd Izuan Effendi, H., & Muhammad Rizal, R. (2012). Heavy metals (mercury, arsenic, cadmium, plumbum) in selected marine fish and shellfish along the straits of malacca. International Food Research Journal, 19(1), 135–140.
• Bamgbose, J. T., Adewuyi, S., Bamgbose, O., & Adetoye, a a. (2010). Adsorption kinetics of cadmium and lead by chitosan. Journal of Biotechnology, 9(17), 2560–2565.
• Bernard, S., Enayati, a, Roger, H., & Binstock, T. (2002). The role of mercury in the pathogenesis of autism. Molecular Psychiatry, 7, S42–S43. http://doi.org/10.1038/sj.mp.4001177
• Fen, W., & Yunus, M. a T. (2011). Optical properties of cross-linked chitosan thin film for copper ion detection using surface plasmon resonance technique, XLI(4).
• Fen, Y. W., Mahmood, W., Yunus, M., & Yusof, N. A. (2011). Detection of Mercury and Copper Ions Using Surface Plasmon Resonance Optical Sensor, 23(6), 325–334.
• Forzani, E. S., Foley, K., Westerhoff, P., & Tao, N. (2007). Detection of arsenic in groundwater using a surface plasmon resonance sensor. Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, 123(1), 82–88. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2006.07.033
• Lin, S., Chang, C.-C., & Lin, C.-W. (2012). A reversible optical sensor based on chitosan film for the selective detection of copper ions. Biomedical Engineering: Applications, …, 2012(5), 521612. http://doi.org/10.1155/2012/521612
• Magee, R. J., & Rahhan, A. K. M. (1965). DETERMINATION OF COPPER IN SEA WATER BY ATOMIC ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY, 12.
• Mcilwee, H. A. (2008). Chitosan Thin Films as Metal Ion Sensors and Structurally Colored Coatings. Drexel University.
• Moksin, M. M., Talib, Z. A., & Yusof, N. O. R. A. (2011). Surface plasmon resonance optical sensor for mercury ion detection by crosslinked chitosan thin film. Journal of Optoelectronics and Advanced Materials, 13(3), 279–285.
• Murray, C. a, & Dutcher, J. R. (2006). Effect of changes in relative humidity and temperature on ultrathin chitosan films. Biomacromolecules, 7(12), 3460–3465. http://doi.org/10.1021/bm060416q
• Muzzarelli, R. a. a., & Terbojevich, M. (2000). Chitosan. Handbook of Hydrocolloids, 472. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.actbio.2006.03.003
• Nemtsev, S. V., Gamzazade, a. I., Rogozhin, S. V., Bykova, V. M., & Bykov, V. P. (2002). Deacetylation of chitin under homogeneous conditions. Applied Biochemistry and Microbiology, 38(6), 521–526. http://doi.org/10.1023/A:1020766325395
• Ozuah, P. O. (2000). Mercury poisoning. Current Problems in Pediatrics, 30(3), 91–99. http://doi.org/10.1067/mps.2000.104054
• Panta, G. P., & Subedi, D. P. (2012). ELECTRICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF ALUMINUM ( Al ) THIN FILMS MEASURED BY USING FOUR- POINT PROBE METHOD. Journal of Science, 8(2i), 31–36. Retrieved from http://www.ku.edu.np/kuset/vol8_no2/5_G.P. Panta.pdf
• Rhazi, M., Desbrières, J., Tolaimate, a., Rinaudo, M., Vottero, P., Alagui, a., & El Meray, M. (2002). Influence of the nature of the metal ions on the complexation with chitosan. European Polymer Journal, 38(8), 1523–1530. http://doi.org/10.1016/S0014-3057(02)00026-5
• Rinaudo, M. (2006). Chitin and chitosan: Properties and applications. Progress in Polymer Science, 31(7), 603–632. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2006.06.001
• Saǧ, Y., & Aktay, Y. (2000). Mass transfer and equilibrium studies for the sorption of chromium ions onto chitin. Process Biochemistry, 36(1-2), 157–173. http://doi.org/10.1016/S0032-9592(00)00200-4
• Smits, F. (1958). Measurement of Sheet Resistivities With the 4-Point Probe. Bell System Technical Journal, 711–718.
• Tikhonov, V. E., Radigina, L. a., & Yamskov, Y. a. (1996). Metal-chelating chitin derivatives via reaction of chitosan with nitriloacetic acid. Carbohydrate Research, 290(1), 33–41. http://doi.org/10.1016/0008-6215(96)00112-7
• Valdes, L. B. (1954). Resistivity Measurements on Germanium for Transistors. Proceedings of the IRE, 42(2), 1429–1434. http://doi.org/10.1109/JRPROC.1954.274680
• Wan Ngah, W. S., Endud, C. S., & Mayanar, R. (2002). Removal of copper(II) ions from aqueous solution onto chitosan and cross-linked chitosan beads. Reactive and Functional Polymers, 50(2), 181–190. http://doi.org/10.1016/S1381-5148(01)00113-4
• Wan, Y., Creber, K. a M., Peppley, B., & Bui, V. T. (2003). Synthesis, characterization and ionic conductive properties of phosphorylated chitosan membranes. Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics, 204(5-6), 850–858. http://doi.org/10.1002/macp.200390056
• Yang, T. C., & Zall, R. R. (1984). Absorption of metals by natural polymers generated from seafood processing wastes. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Product Research and Development, 23(1), 168–172. http://doi.org/10.1021/i300013a033
• Yusof, N. A., & Ahmad, M. (2002). A flow cell optosensor for determination of Co ( II ) based on immobilised 2- ( 4-pyridylazo ) resorcinol in chitosan membrane by using stopped flow , flow injection analysis, 86, 127–133.
• Adikary, S. U., & Lanka, S. (2001). Removal of Heavy Metals From Wastewater Using Chitosan.
• Alina, M., Azrina, a., Mohd Yunus, a. S., Mohd Zakiuddin, S., Mohd Izuan Effendi, H., & Muhammad Rizal, R. (2012). Heavy metals (mercury, arsenic, cadmium, plumbum) in selected marine fish and shellfish along the straits of malacca. International Food Research Journal, 19(1), 135–140.
• Bamgbose, J. T., Adewuyi, S., Bamgbose, O., & Adetoye, a a. (2010). Adsorption kinetics of cadmium and lead by chitosan. Journal of Biotechnology, 9(17), 2560–2565.
• Bernard, S., Enayati, a, Roger, H., & Binstock, T. (2002). The role of mercury in the pathogenesis of autism. Molecular Psychiatry, 7, S42–S43. http://doi.org/10.1038/sj.mp.4001177
• Fen, W., & Yunus, M. a T. (2011). Optical properties of cross-linked chitosan thin film for copper ion detection using surface plasmon resonance technique, XLI(4).
• Fen, Y. W., Mahmood, W., Yunus, M., & Yusof, N. A. (2011). Detection of Mercury and Copper Ions Using Surface Plasmon Resonance Optical Sensor, 23(6), 325–334.
• Forzani, E. S., Foley, K., Westerhoff, P., & Tao, N. (2007). Detection of arsenic in groundwater using a surface plasmon resonance sensor. Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, 123(1), 82–88. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2006.07.033
• Lin, S., Chang, C.-C., & Lin, C.-W. (2012). A reversible optical sensor based on chitosan film for the selective detection of copper ions. Biomedical Engineering: Applications, …, 2012(5), 521612. http://doi.org/10.1155/2012/521612
• Magee, R. J., & Rahhan, A. K. M. (1965). DETERMINATION OF COPPER IN SEA WATER BY ATOMIC ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY, 12.
• Mcilwee, H. A. (2008). Chitosan Thin Films as Metal Ion Sensors and Structurally Colored Coatings. Drexel University.
• Moksin, M. M., Talib, Z. A., & Yusof, N. O. R. A. (2011). Surface plasmon resonance optical sensor for mercury ion detection by crosslinked chitosan thin film. Journal of Optoelectronics and Advanced Materials, 13(3), 279–285.
• Murray, C. a, & Dutcher, J. R. (2006). Effect of changes in relative humidity and temperature on ultrathin chitosan films. Biomacromolecules, 7(12), 3460–3465. http://doi.org/10.1021/bm060416q
• Muzzarelli, R. a. a., & Terbojevich, M. (2000). Chitosan. Handbook of Hydrocolloids, 472. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.actbio.2006.03.003
• Nemtsev, S. V., Gamzazade, a. I., Rogozhin, S. V., Bykova, V. M., & Bykov, V. P. (2002). Deacetylation of chitin under homogeneous conditions. Applied Biochemistry and Microbiology, 38(6), 521–526. http://doi.org/10.1023/A:1020766325395
• Ozuah, P. O. (2000). Mercury poisoning. Current Problems in Pediatrics, 30(3), 91–99. http://doi.org/10.1067/mps.2000.104054
• Panta, G. P., & Subedi, D. P. (2012). ELECTRICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF ALUMINUM ( Al ) THIN FILMS MEASURED BY USING FOUR- POINT PROBE METHOD. Journal of Science, 8(2i), 31–36. Retrieved from http://www.ku.edu.np/kuset/vol8_no2/5_G.P. Panta.pdf
• Rhazi, M., Desbrières, J., Tolaimate, a., Rinaudo, M., Vottero, P., Alagui, a., & El Meray, M. (2002). Influence of the nature of the metal ions on the complexation with chitosan. European Polymer Journal, 38(8), 1523–1530. http://doi.org/10.1016/S0014-3057(02)00026-5
• Rinaudo, M. (2006). Chitin and chitosan: Properties and applications. Progress in Polymer Science, 31(7), 603–632. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2006.06.001
• Saǧ, Y., & Aktay, Y. (2000). Mass transfer and equilibrium studies for the sorption of chromium ions onto chitin. Process Biochemistry, 36(1-2), 157–173. http://doi.org/10.1016/S0032-9592(00)00200-4
• Smits, F. (1958). Measurement of Sheet Resistivities With the 4-Point Probe. Bell System Technical Journal, 711–718.
• Tikhonov, V. E., Radigina, L. a., & Yamskov, Y. a. (1996). Metal-chelating chitin derivatives via reaction of chitosan with nitriloacetic acid. Carbohydrate Research, 290(1), 33–41. http://doi.org/10.1016/0008-6215(96)00112-7
• Valdes, L. B. (1954). Resistivity Measurements on Germanium for Transistors. Proceedings of the IRE, 42(2), 1429–1434. http://doi.org/10.1109/JRPROC.1954.274680
• Wan Ngah, W. S., Endud, C. S., & Mayanar, R. (2002). Removal of copper(II) ions from aqueous solution onto chitosan and cross-linked chitosan beads. Reactive and Functional Polymers, 50(2), 181–190. http://doi.org/10.1016/S1381-5148(01)00113-4
• Wan, Y., Creber, K. a M., Peppley, B., & Bui, V. T. (2003). Synthesis, characterization and ionic conductive properties of phosphorylated chitosan membranes. Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics, 204(5-6), 850–858. http://doi.org/10.1002/macp.200390056
• Yang, T. C., & Zall, R. R. (1984). Absorption of metals by natural polymers generated from seafood processing wastes. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Product Research and Development, 23(1), 168–172. http://doi.org/10.1021/i300013a033
• Yusof, N. A., & Ahmad, M. (2002). A flow cell optosensor for determination of Co ( II ) based on immobilised 2- ( 4-pyridylazo ) resorcinol in chitosan membrane by using stopped flow , flow injection analysis, 86, 127–133.
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