Fungal Agents Causing Diseases on Pomegranates Grown in Antalya, Turkey
Keywords:
Punica granatum L., leaf spot, fruit rot, post-harvest decayAbstract
In order to determine the fungal disease agents causing losses in pomegranate orchards and storages in Antalya province, surveys were performed in 61 orchards and 21 storages, in 2012. Totally 12 fungus species were obtained as a result of isolations made from the leaf and fruit samples taken from the orchards and storages. It was determined that the most common fungus was Alternaria alternata both in leaf and fruit samples obtained from the orchards. Cladosporium herbarum from the leaf samples, Aspergillus and Penicillium species from the fruit samples were the other common fungi. Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and Coniella granati, known as the important pathogens of pomegranate, was also isolated in lower rates. Botrytis cinerea was the species with highest isolation frequency from the fruit samples taken from the storages and followed by Penicillium sp., Aspergillus niger, Alternaria alternata and Coniella granati. In the pathogenicity trials performed under laboratory conditions; A. alternata, B. cinerea, C. granati and Fusicoccum aesculi caused severe browning on pomegranate leaves, while C. gloeosporioides, C. herbarum, Pleospora herbarum, A. niger and Penicillium sp. were the other pathogens causing necrosis on the leaves. As a result of fruit inoculations, C. granati and F. aesculi caused severe symptoms on the fruits, where C. gloeosporioides, B. cinerea, A. niger, Epicoccum nigrum, Fusarium semitectum and Penicillium sp. caused moderate or slight fruit rot.
References
Kurt H, Åžahin G, “Bir Ziraat CoÄŸrafyası Çalışması: Türkiye’de Nar (Punica granatum L.) Tarımıâ€, Marmara CoÄŸrafya Dergisi, vol. 27, pp. 551-557, 2013.
Tamer CE, “Nar: BileÅŸimi ve Ä°nsan SaÄŸlığı Ãœzerindeki Etkileriâ€, Gıda ve Yem Bilimi Teknolojisi, vol. 9, pp. 48-54, 2006.
Anoosh E, Mojtaba E, Fatemeh S, “Study the Effect of Juice of Two Variety of Pomegranate on Decreasing Plasma LDL cholesterolâ€, Procedia Social and Behavioral Sciences, vol. 2, pp. 620–623, 2010.
TUÄ°K, Bitkisel Ãœretim Ä°statistikleri, http://tuik.gov.tr, 2015.
Jamadar MM, Sataraddi AR, Patil PV, Jawadagi RS, Patil DR, “Status of Pomegranate Diseases of Northern Karnataka in Indiaâ€, Acta Horticulturae, vol. 890, pp. 501-508, 2011.
Tziros GT, Lagopadi AL, Tzavella-Klonari K, “Alternaria alternata Fruit Rot of Pomegranate (Punica granatum) in Greeceâ€, http://www.bspp.org.uk/ndr/july2007/2007-20.asp, 2007.
Palou L, Taberner V, Guardado A, Del Rio MA, Montesinos-Herrero C, “Incidence and Etiology of Postharvest Fungal Diseases of Pomegranate (Punica granatum cv. Mollar de Elche) in Spainâ€, Phytopathologia Mediterranea, vol. 52, pp. 478-489, 2013.
Kınay Teksur P, “Alternative Technologies to Control Postharvest Diseases of Pomegranateâ€, Stewart Postharvest Review, vol. 4, pp. 1-7, 2015.
Tziros GT, Tzavela-Klonari K, “Pomegranate Fruit Rot Caused by Coniella granati Confirmed in Greeceâ€, http://www.bspp.org.uk/ndr/jan 2007/2007-83.asp, 2007.
Palou L, Guardado A, Montesinos-Herrero C, “First report of Penicillium spp. and Pilidiella granati Causing Postharvest Fruit Rot of Pomegranate in Spainâ€, New Disease Reports, vol. 22, pp. 21, 2010.
Michailides TJ, Puckett R, Reyes H, Morgan DP, “Fruit Decay Caused by Pilidiella granati in Californiaâ€, Phytopathology, vol. 100, S83, http://ucanr.edu/sites/ Pomegranates/files/122874.pdf, 2011.
Mirabolfathy M, Groenewald JZ, Crous PW, “First Report of Pilidiella granati Causing Dieback and Fruit Rot of Pomegranate (Punica granatum) in Iranâ€, Plant Disease, vol. 96, No. 3, pp. 461-461, 2012.
Turan K, BaÅŸpınar N, Çetin V, “Bahçe ve Depo KoÅŸullarında Nar Meyvelerinde OluÅŸan Fungal Hastalıklar Ãœzerinde AraÅŸtırmalarâ€, In Proceedings of the 7th Phytopathology Congress of Turkey, pp. 118-121, 1995.
Pala H, Canıhoş E, Öztürk N, Ulusoy R, Bayhan E, Yılmaz C, “Important Pests of Pomegranate Cultivation in the Eastern Mediterranean Regionâ€, In Proceedings of the First Plant Protection Congress of Turkey, pp. 207, 2004.
Çetin H, “Determination of Phytopathological Problems on the Pomegranate Plantations of Çukurova and Investigation of the Effectivity of Some Fungicide Applications Against Postharvest Diseasesâ€, Master Thesis, University of Çukurova, Institute of Natural and Applied Sciences, Department of Plant Protection, Turkey, 2008.
Basım E, Basım H, “Antalya Ä°li Nar (Punica granatum L.) Bahçelerinde Görülen Kök ve Kök BoÄŸazı Çürüklük Etmenlerinin Tespitiâ€, Meyve Bilimi, vol. 1, No. 1, pp. 23-26, 2013.
Bora T, Karaca İ, Kültür Bitkilerinde Hastalığın ve Zararın Ölçülmesi, Ege Üniv. Ziraat Fak. Yardımcı Ders Kitabı, Yayın No.167, Turkey, 1970.
TUIK, “Bitkisel Ãœretim Ä°statistikleriâ€, http://www.tuik.gov.tr, 2010.
Barnett HL, Hunter BB, Illustrated Genera of Imperfect Fungi, Fourth Edition, APS Press, USA, 1998.
Ellis MB, Dematiaceous Hyphomycetes, CAB International, UK, 1971.
Ellis MB, More Dematiaceous Hyphomycetes, CAB International, UK, 1976.
Sutton BC, The Coelomycetes, CMI, UK, 1980.
Samson RA, Hoekstra ES, Frisvad JC, Filtenborg O, Introduction to Food-borne Fungi, Centraalbureau Voor Schimmelcultures, The Netherlands, 1995.
Townsend GR, Heuberger JV, “Methods for Estimating Losses Caused by Diseases in Fungicide Experimentsâ€, Plant Disease Report, vol. 24, pp. 340-343, 1943.
Pala H, Tatlı A, Yılmaz C, Özgüven AI, “Important Diseases of Pomegranate Fruit and Control Possibilies in Turkeyâ€, Acta Horticulturae, vol. 818, pp. 285-289, 2009.
Gat T, Liarzi O, Skovorodnikova Y, Ezra D, “Characterization of Alternaria alternata Causing Black Spot Disease of Pomegranate in Israel Using a Molecular Markerâ€, Plant Disease, vol. 96, pp. 1513-1518, 2012.
Yehia HM, “Heart Rot Caused by Aspergillus niger Through Splitting in Leathery Skin of Pomegranate Fruitâ€, African Journal of Microbiology Research, vol. 7, no. 9, pp. 834-837, 2013.
Singh R, Basu M, “Trichothecium roseum Link on Punica granatum L. – A New Record From Indiaâ€, Indian Phytopath., vol. 59, no. 4, pp. 532, 2006.
Michailides TJ, “Black heart and tree decline issues of pomegranateâ€, http://ucanr.edu/sites/pomegranates/files/ 134012.pdf, 2011.
Bardas GA, Tzelepis GD, Lotos L, Karaoglanidis GS, “First Report of Botrytis cinerea Causing Gray Mold of Pomegranate (Punica granatum) in Greeceâ€, Plant Disease, vol. 93, no. 12, 1,346.3, 2009.
Archana BC, Jamadar MM, Management of Leaf Spot and Fruit Spot/rot of Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) Caused by Alternaria alternata (Fr.) Keisslerâ€, Karnataka J. Agric. Sci., vol. 27, no. 2, pp. 247-249, 2014.
Jamadar MM, Sataraddi AR, Patil PV, Jawadagi RS, Patil DR, “Status of Pomegranate Diseases of Northern Karnataka in Indiaâ€, Acta Horticulturae, vol. 890, pp. 501-508, 2011.
Venkateswarlu D, Murthy KVMK, Reddy MLN, Lakshmi MSM, “Isolation and Identification of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides from Cashew Seedlings in Nurseriesâ€, Cashew, vol. 18, no. 1, pp. 36-40, 2004.
Fu JN, Liu XH, Cai FD, Kou LP, “Identification of Pathogenic Fungus Causing a Decay of Stored Pomegranate Fruits Using Molecular Biology Techniqueâ€, Acta Horticulturae Sinica, vol. 34, pp. 877-882, 2007.
Spadaro D, Amatulli MT, Garibaldi A, Gullino ML, First Report of Penicillium glabrum Causing a Postharvest Fruit Rot of Pomegranate (Punica granatum) in the Piedmont Region of Italyâ€, Plant Disease, vol. 94, 1,066.2, 2010.
Liu HX, Li XD, Zhu XP, Liu AX, “First Report of Pomegranate Stem Scab Caused by Botryosphaeria dothidea in Chinaâ€, Plant Pathology, vol. 58, pp. 400, 2009.
Thomidis T, “Pathogenicity and Characterization of Pilidiella granati Causing Pomegranate Diseases in Greeceâ€, Eur. J. Plant Pathol., vol. 141, pp. 45-50, 2015.
Joshi MS, Sawant DM, “Variation in Virulence and Cross Infectivity Potential of C. gloeosporioides Isolates Infecting Tropical Fruitsâ€, The Journal of Agriculture and Natural Resources Sciences, vol. 1, no. 2, pp.127-131, 2014.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
- Papers must be submitted on the understanding that they have not been published elsewhere (except in the form of an abstract or as part of a published lecture, review, or thesis) and are not currently under consideration by another journal published by any other publisher.
- It is also the authors responsibility to ensure that the articles emanating from a particular source are submitted with the necessary approval.
- The authors warrant that the paper is original and that he/she is the author of the paper, except for material that is clearly identified as to its original source, with permission notices from the copyright owners where required.
- The authors ensure that all the references carefully and they are accurate in the text as well as in the list of references (and vice versa).
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
- The journal/publisher is not responsible for subsequent uses of the work. It is the author's responsibility to bring an infringement action if so desired by the author.
