By the Name of Nature but Against Nature: An Ecocritical Study of Joseph Conrad’s Heart of Darkness
Keywords:
Ecocriticism, Joseph Conrad, ecology, postcolonialism, ecofeminismAbstract
The relationship of people with nature is  usually  expressed in different ways, and certainly  literature  is one of  them. Nature as one of  the indispensable elements of writing has drawn the attention of  many  writers specifically the novelists. In this study, the researchers attempt to apply ecocritical analysis of Joseph Conrad’s Heart of Darkness. The researchers also show how the relationship between man and nature which had been sympathetic and harmonized in Romantic period  changed to cruel and heartless one in industrial and capitalistic Modern time; and  how  Conrad’s Heart of Darkness meticulously shows this alternation.
Â
References
Abrams, M. H., Ed. A Glossary of Literary Terms. Boston: Thomson Wadsworth, 2005.
Aubry, Jean G. Joseph Conrad: Life and Letters. London: Pluto Press, 1927.
Bate, Jonathan. Romantic Ecology: Wordsworth and the Environmental Tradition. London: Routledge, 1991.
Blackburn, William, Ed. Joseph Conrad: Letters to William Blackwood and David S. Meldrum. Durham: N.C. Publishing Group, 1958.
Brantlinger, Patrick. “Victorians and Africans: The Genealogy of the Myth of the Dark Continent.†Critical Inquiry 12.2 (1985): 166-203.
Clark, Timothy. The Cambridge Introduction to Literature and the Environment. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2011.
Conrad, Joseph. Heart of Darkness. San Diego: ICON Group International, Inc., 2005.
Donson, Amis. Green Political Thought. London: Unwin Hyman, 1990.
Doyle, Arthur. “From the Crime of Congo.†In Joseph Conrad’s Heart of Darkness: A Casebook. Ed. Gene M. Moore. Oxford University Press, Inc., 2004. 243-267.
Esteva, Gustavo. “Development.†In The Development Dictionary. Ed. Wolfgang Sachs. London: Zed books, 1997. 6-25.
Feder, Helena. “A Blot upon the Earth: Nature’s Negative and Production of Monstrity in Frankestein.†The Journal of Ecocriticism 2.1 (2010): 55-66.
Gaard, Greta. Ecofeminism: Women, Animals, Nature. Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1993.
Glotfelty, Cherlly, and Harold Fromm. The Ecocriticism Reader: Landmarks in Literary Ecology. Athens: University of Georgia Press, 1996.
Huggan, Graham. Interdisciplinary Measures: Literature and the Future of Postcolonial Studies. Liverpool: Liverpool University Press, 2008.
King, Ynestra. “The Eco-Feminist Imperative.†In Reclaim the Earth: Women Speak Out for Life on Earth. Eds. Leonie Caldecott and Stephanie Leland. London: Woman’s Press, 1993. 106-121.
Klue, Rachel A. Man’s Return to Nature. Athens: University of Georgia Press, 2008.
Kovel, Joel. “What is Ecosocialism?†Canadian Dimension 41.6 (2007): 22-26.
Kroeber, Karl. Ecological Literary Criticism: Romantic Imagining and the Biology of Mind. New York: Columbia University Press, 1994.
Mallios, Peter L. Our Conrad: Constituting America Modernity. California: Stanford University Press, 2010.
McCarthy, Jeffery. “A Choice of Nightmares: the Ecology of Heart of Darkness.†Modern Fiction Studies 55.3 (2009): 620-648.
Morton, Timothy. Ecology Without Nature: Rethinking Environmental Aesthetics. Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, 2007.
O’Riordan, Teel. “The Challenge for Environmentalism.†In New Models in Geography. Eds. Ronalds Peet, and Nicole Thrift. London: Unwin Hyman, 1989. 72-102.
Pepper, David. Ecosocialism: From Deep Ecology to Social Justice. New York: Routledge, 1993.
Pigby, Kate. Introducing Criticism in the 21st Century. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2002.
Russell, B. History of Western Philosophy. London: Unwin Hymn, 1996.
Said, Edward W. “Two Visions in Heart of Darkness.†In Bloom’s Modern Critical Interpretations. Ed. Harold Bloom. New York: Infobase Publishing, 2008. 5-19.
Sturgeon, Noel. “The Nature of Race: Discourses of Racial Difference in Ecofeminism.†In Ecofeminism: Woman, Culture, Nature. Ed. Karen J. Warren. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1997. 260-278.
Watts, Cedric. “Heart of Darkness.†In The Companion to Joseph Conrad. Ed. J. H. Stape. Cambridge University Press, 1996. 45-63.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
- Papers must be submitted on the understanding that they have not been published elsewhere (except in the form of an abstract or as part of a published lecture, review, or thesis) and are not currently under consideration by another journal published by any other publisher.
- It is also the authors responsibility to ensure that the articles emanating from a particular source are submitted with the necessary approval.
- The authors warrant that the paper is original and that he/she is the author of the paper, except for material that is clearly identified as to its original source, with permission notices from the copyright owners where required.
- The authors ensure that all the references carefully and they are accurate in the text as well as in the list of references (and vice versa).
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
- The journal/publisher is not responsible for subsequent uses of the work. It is the author's responsibility to bring an infringement action if so desired by the author.
