Heavy Metals Distribution in Soil at Different Depths and Radiuses around Landfills in Districts of Nyékonakpoè, Akodesséwa and Amoutivé in Lomé City
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24203/ajas.v9i5.6740Keywords:
Landfill, heavy metal, soil contaminationAbstract
This study aims to provide baseline data about soil contamination by some heavy metals at different depths around landfills in areas at high risk of groundwater contamination. Soil samples were taken in three replicates at depth of 0 – 20 cm, 20 – 40 cm and 40 - 60 cm in the radiuses of 0 to 10 m, 10 to 20 m and 20 to 30 m around landfills. In all, 81 homogenized composite soil samples were collected. The heavy metals were measured in soil samples by atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The results show that the concentration of mercury (0.03 – 0.29 mg kg-1), cadmium (0.04 – 0.69 mg kg-1), arsenic (0.05 – 2.30 mg kg-1) and nickel (0.05 – 2.35 mg kg-1) in analyzed soil samples were lower than the limit values set by WHO, Finland and Dutch environment ministries. However, lead concentrations (90.15 – 129.14 mg kg-1) in topsoil in vicinity of landfills in Amoutivé and Akodesséwa were above reference values set by WHO, Finland and Dutch environment ministries. As the heavy metals may be leached to reach groundwater, the landfills management must be great concern to municipal authorities. The frequent monitoring of the quality of soil and groundwater will be necessary to follow the level environmental contamination by heavy metals around landfills and the possible initiate remedial measures.
References
Gworek B., Dmuchowski W., Koda E., Marecka M., Baczewska A.H., Br ̨agoszewska P., Sieczka A. and Osi ́nski P. Impact of the municipal solid waste Lubna landfill on environmental pollution by heavy metals. Water, vol. 8, n° 470, pp. 1-16, 2016.
Wuana R.A. and Okieimen F.E. Heavy metals in contaminated soils: A review of sources, chemistry, risks and best available strategies for remediation. International Scholarly Research Network, pp. 1-20, 2011.
Makuleke P. and Ngole-Jeme V.M. Soil heavy metal distribution with depth around a closed landfill and their uptake by Datura stramonium. Applied and Environmental Soil Science, pp. 1-14, 2020.
Koledzi E.K., Baba G., Tchegueni S., Segbeaya K.N., Koriko M., Matejka G. and Tchangbedji G. Fate of some heavy metals in the composting of the urban solid waste produced in Lome, Togo. Journal of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, vol. 5, n° 7, pp. 196-201, 2013.
Adah C.A., Abah J., Ubwa S.T. and Ekele S. Soil availability and uptake of some heavy metals by three staple vegetables commonly cultivated along the south bank of River Benue, Makurdi, Nigeria. International Journal of Environment and Bioenergy, vol. 8, n°2, pp. 56-67, 2013.
Tiefenthaler L.L., Stein E.D. and Schiff K.C. Watershed and land use-based sources of trace metals in urban storm water. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, vol. 27, pp. 277–287, 2008.
Gnandi K., Han S., Rezaie-Boroon M.H., Porrachia M. and Deheyn D.D. Increased bioavailability of mercury in the lagoons of Lomé Togo: the possible role of dredging. AMBIO Springer, vol. 40, pp. 26-42, 2011.
Ouro-Sama K., Solitoke H.D., Gnandi K., Afiademanyo K.M. and Bowessidjaou E.J. Evaluation et risques sanitaires de la bioaccumulation de métaux lourds chez les espèces halieutiques du système lagunaire togolais. Vertigo, vol. 14, n° 2, pp. 1-18, 2014.
Kondo K.F., Afiademanyo K.M., Ouro-Sama K., Solitoke H.D. and Gnandi K. Heavy metal contamination levels in clams (Galatea paradoxa, B. 1778) and surface sediments from Mono River Estuary, Togo, and its health implications. Journal of Biology, Agriculture and Healthcare, vol. 11, n° 4, pp. 81-94, 2021.
Rajmohan N. Prathapar S.A., Jayaprakash M. and Nagarajan R. Vertical distribution of heavy metals in soil profile in a seasonally water logging agriculture field in Eastern Ganges Basin. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, vol. 186, n°9, pp. 5411-5427, 2014
Deheyn D.D. and Latz M.I. Bioavailability of metals along a contamination gradient in San Diego Bay (California, USA). Chemosphere, vol. 63, pp. 818–834, 2006.
Dutch Ministry of Housing, Spatial Planning and the Environment Circular on target and intervention values for soil remediation, Reference DBO/1999226863, 2000.
Ministry of the Environment, Finland, “Government decree on the assessment of soil contamination and remediation needs” 214/2007, March 1, 2007.
WHO (World Health Organization), Library cataloguing in publication data, 2007.
Boateng T.K., Opoku F. and Akoto O. Heavy metal contamination assessment of groundwater quality: a case study of Oti landfill site, Kumasi. Applied Water Science, vol. 9, n°33, pp. 1-15, 2019.
Alam M.S., Han B., and Al-Mizan J.P. Assessment of soil and groundwater contamination at a former Tannery district in Dhaka, Bangladesh. Environmental Geochemistry and Health, vol. 42, pp. 1905–1920, 2020.
Olafisoye O.B., Tejumade A. and Osibote O.A. Heavy metals contamination of water, soil, and plants around an electronic waste dumpsite. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies, vol. 22, n°5, PP. 1431-1439, 2013.
Othman R., Mohd Latiff N.H., Baharuddin Z.M., Hashim K.S.H.Y. and Lukman Hakim Mahamod L.H. Closed landfill heavy metal contamination distribution profiles at different soil depths and radiuses. Applied Ecology and Environmental Research, vol. 17, n°4, pp. 8059-8067, 2019.
Rweyemamu A.R., Nkansah M.A., Darko G. and Dodd M. Contamination and human health risk due to toxic metals in dust from transport stations in the Kumasi Metropolis, Ghana. Chemistry Africa, vol. 3, pp. 831-843, 2020.
Amadi A.N. and Nwankwoala H.O. Evaluation of heavy metal in soils from Enyimba Dumpsite in Aba, Southeastern Nigeria using contamination factor and geo-accumulation index. Energy and Environment Research, vol. 3, n°1, pp. 125-134, 2013.
Odai S.N., Mensah E., Sipitey D., Ryo S. and Awuah E. Heavy metals uptake by vegetables cultivated on urban waste dumpsites: case Study of Kumasi, Ghana. Research Journal of Environmental Toxicology, vol. 2, pp. 92-99, 2008.
Awokunmi E.E., Asaolu S.S. and Ipinmoroti K.O. Effects of leaching on heavy metals concentrations of soil in some dumpsites. African Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, vol. 4, n°8, pp. 495-499, 2010.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2021 Goliyendou Yandi, Gbénonchi Mawussi, Amen Yawo Nenonene, Komla Sanda
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
- Papers must be submitted on the understanding that they have not been published elsewhere (except in the form of an abstract or as part of a published lecture, review, or thesis) and are not currently under consideration by another journal published by any other publisher.
- It is also the authors responsibility to ensure that the articles emanating from a particular source are submitted with the necessary approval.
- The authors warrant that the paper is original and that he/she is the author of the paper, except for material that is clearly identified as to its original source, with permission notices from the copyright owners where required.
- The authors ensure that all the references carefully and they are accurate in the text as well as in the list of references (and vice versa).
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
- The journal/publisher is not responsible for subsequent uses of the work. It is the author's responsibility to bring an infringement action if so desired by the author.
