Fungal Endophytes in Sweet Orange Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck in Jujuy-Argentina
Keywords:
Endophytes, orange, Xylaria, Phyllosticta, GuignardiaAbstract
According to the interaction established with the plant tissues, the endophytes can be mutualistic or pathogenic fungi. El objetivo del trabajo fue reconocer los endófitos fúngicos de las hojas de naranjo dulce Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck en la zona citrÃcola de Jujuy y estudiar sus interacciones in vitro.The objectives were to identify the fungal endophytes of the sweet orange leaves [Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck] from Jujuy-Argentina, and study the in vitro interactions between the isolates.En diferentes sitios de la provincia, se tomaron muestras de hojas asintomáticas del brote más antiguo, se conservaron refrigeradas hasta su procesamiento, se lavaron y desinfectaron. The asymptomatic leaves were taken from the oldest shoots.  Asépticamente se cortaron trozos de hojas que se sembraron en placas con agar zanahoria.Leaf pieces were aseptically plated on agar carrot. Se hicieron observaciones, y determinaciones morfométricas.Isolation, culture and morphometric measurements were made. Para las especies cuya diferenciación morfológica es discutida, la identificación se realizó por PCR-ITS.For some species, identification was performed by PCR-ITS. Se realizaron inoculaciones sobre hojas y frutos de naranjo, y pruebas de antagonismo entre las especies halladas sin potencial patógeno.Inoculations on leaves and fruit orange were carried out, and antagonism test were conducted between non-pathogenic endophytes and the pathogen G. citricarpa.The fungal eLos colonizadores endófitos encontrados fueron: Glomerella cingulata , Lasiodiplodia theobromae , Phomopsis citri , Guignardia citricarpa, Phyllosticta capitelensis (Syn G. mangiferae ) , Cladosporium herbarum, Xylaria hypoxylon, Xylaria multiplex, Xylaria sp., Fusarium sp., Penicillium sp. , Alternaria sp. , Diplococium sp . y Stenella sp.ndophytes isolated from citrus leaves were: Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Glomerella cingulata, Lasiodiplodia theobromae, Phomopsis citri, Guignardia citricarpa, Phyllosticta capitalensis, Cladosporium herbarum, Xylaria hypoxylon, X. multiplex, Xylaria sp., Fusarium sp., Penicillium sp., Alternaria sp., Diplococium sp.,and Stenella sp. Xylaria spp., C. gloeosporioides and P. capitalensis were found antagonists against G. citricarpa.
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