Asian Journal of Pharmacy, Nursing and Medical Sciences
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Disinfecting Effects of Decontamination Solutions and Ultraviolet Irradiation on Exposure to Cyclophosphamide or 5-Fluorouracil Inside Biological Safety Cabinets
To ensure safe decontamination in Biological Safety Cabinets (BSCs), we evaluated various solutions and ultraviolet (UV) irradiation against anticancer drugs. Cyclophosphamide (CPA) and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) were tested. After 16 h of UV exposure, CPA degraded to 42–55% of its initial amount, while 5-FU showed minimal reduction. A single wipe with purified water effectively decreased drug residues, and the combination of purified water and UV irradiation was most effective for CPA. In contrast, a 0.1% benzalkonium chloride solution showed poor performance with or without UV. Overall, physical cleaning with purified water followed by UV irradiation offers a practical and reliable decontamination method in routine hospital practice.
Supporting agencies may indicate the source of research funding or other institutional support that facilitated the research.
Copyright (c) 2025 Mayumi Nakaishi, Akiko Kiriyama, Koki Takeda, Asako Nishimura, Nobuhito Shibata http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0
Nigella sativa Oil Improves Follicular Reserve in Cyclophosphamide-Induced Ovarian Toxicity: A Histomorphological and Hormonal Assessment in Female Rats
This study investigates the protective effects of Nigella sativa oil (NSO) against cyclophosphamide-induced ovarian toxicity in female rats. The research evaluates histological changes in ovarian tissue and their correlation with serum gonadotropin levels. Female rats were assigned to three experimental groups treated with cyclophosphamide, NS-Oil, or a combination, alongside a control group. Ovarian histology was assessed for structural integrity, follicular development, and toxicity, while serum estradiol and progesterone levels were measured. Cyclophosphamide administration significantly disrupted ovarian architecture, reducing follicle count and inducing follicular degeneration. NS-Oil treatment demonstrated protective effects, restoring normal ovarian histology and improving gonadotropin levels. Although body weight showed no significant difference among groups, ovarian weight decreased in cyclophosphamide-treated rats (p < 0.05) but increased dose-dependently with NS-Oil treatment (p < 0.05). Cyclophosphamide significantly reduced ovarian cortex and medulla volumes (p < 0.05), while NS-Oil treatment reversed these effects (p < 0.05). Pre-antral and antral follicle counts declined with cyclophosphamide but increased following NS-Oil administration (p < 0.05). Atretic follicle counts were lower in NS-Oil-treated groups (p < 0.05). NS-Oil also enhanced follicular diameters affected by cyclophosphamide (p < 0.05). These findings suggest that NS-Oil may mitigate ovarian toxicity caused by cyclophosphamide, offering a potential therapeutic approach to preserve reproductive health during chemotherapy. Further research is needed to elucidate its mechanisms and clinical applicability.
Copyright (c) 2025 Murtala Muhammad Jibril, Mohammed Bello Mohammed, Adamu Usman Garkuwa, Samuel Ede Otokpa, Ali Isha Shugaba, Ekwere O. Ekwere http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0
A A Five-Year Evaluation of Patient Falls and Cost Analysis: Acıbadem Healthcare Group Example
Summary Purpose: This study was conducted to examine patient falls and the costs associated with falls in a private group hospital in the last five years. Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective study. Data was obtained by examining 637 patient falls in 16 hospitals affiliated with Acıbadem Health Group between 2018 and 2022. Data were collected by examining fall data transmitted through the incident reporting system and pricing department data. Results: A total of 637 patient falls occurred between 2018 and 2022, and it was determined that 0.38% of the patients evaluated for fall risk had a fall. 48.8% of the patients who fell were patients over the age of 65, it was determined that 61% of the falls occurred during the evening shift or on holidays, and the most patient falls occurred in inpatient services. While the total cost of falls was 83,404 TL in 2018, it is seen that it increased to 201,840 TL in 2022. Conclusion: Serious falls in hospitals cause patients to stay in the hospital for longer periods of time and increase the cost of hospitalization. It is recommended to take and follow up the necessary precautions to prevent falls, which are of critical importance in terms of patient safety, effective use of healthcare system resources and manpower.
Copyright (c) 2025 Saliha Koç Aslan, Gülay Göçmen, Arzu Okur Biber http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0
Subcutaneous Emphysema as a Complication of Laparoscopic thyroidectomy
Laparoscopic surgery requires some anesthetic considerations and has complications that we must to know. One of them is subcutaneous emphysema. In this report we present a case of occurring subcutaneous emphysema during elective laparoscopic total thyroidectomy(BABA, Bilateral Axillo-Breast approach). The patient was treated conservatively and recovered completely. She was discharged from the Hospital without any complication.
Copyright (c) 2024 Ki Young Shin, Jangho Bae, Daehun Goh, Seungsik Kang http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0
Proposal for the Implementation of Database Systems Teaching in Pharmacy Courses in Terms of e-Health Support
In our paper, we will discuss the design and implementation of relational databases using MS Access. Relational database is one of the most widely used databases in terms of practice and information systems. We often encounter their implementation in many solutions, for example as hybrid OLAP databases of enterprise systems or also as OLTP systems - currently most of the classical database applications as we understand them. Their importance is therefore great from a modern point of view. In our paper, through the concrete example of a local pharmacy, we will try to create a practical application that will be fully functional, but will not require deep expertise; on the contrary, it will follow the modern trend that is noticeable in many other information systems, where the emphasis is on usage and not on lengthy training and close long-term professionalization. Our aim is to provide pharmacy students with knowledge, the acquisition of which will not go beyond a maximum of three 90-minute classes and yet provide practical knowledge of relational databases at more than a minimal level.
Databases, pharmacy, education, MS Access
Copyright (c) 2024 Ondrej Takáč, Iveta Štempeľová http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0
Research of Psychometric Characteristics of Inventory of Psychological Gender Estimation and Thematic Validity Analysis with Musical Identity Test in Population with Mental Disorders
The article describes the clinical psychometrical research about internal reliability of Inventory of Psychological Gender Estimation with established normalized scales for population with mental disorders, and its thematic validity with Musical Identity Test scales for condition and independence between 2 diagnostic tools’ scores, for the duration of clinical musical psychological diagnosis and clinical music therapy for mental disorders.
Clinical musical-psychological diagnosis
Psychometrics of clinical population data
Self-Identification of psychological gender
Copyright (c) 2023 Maria Dymnikowa, Elżbieta Galińska http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0
Effects of Health Behaviors on Triglyceride/High Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Ratio in Korean Adults
Triglyceride (TG)/high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) ratio is significantly related to insulin resistance. This study aimed to assess the impact of health behaviors on the TG/HDL-C ratio in Korean adults. This was a cross-sectional study using data from 16,722 subjects (7,328 men and 9,394 women) aged over 20 years of the 7th (2016-2018) Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES). Effects of health behaviors on TG/HDL-C was determined by comparing TG/HDL-C after combining different health behaviors. In male subjects, TG/HDL-C ratio was high if they did not perform aerobic physical activity while smoking or drinking alcohol (p < 0.05). Their TG/HDL-C ratio was also high when smoking and drinking at the same time even if aerobic physical activity was performed (p < 0.05). In female subjects, all TG/HDL-C ratios were high if they did not perform aerobic physical activity except when they were drinking alcohol (p < 0.05). In Koreans, to lower the TG/HDL-C ratio, regular aerobic physical activity is necessary. For males, smoking cessation and abstinence should be done at the same time to lower the TG/HDL-C ratio
Copyright (c) 2022 Kyunghyun Boo, Yong Hwan Lee http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0
The Significance of Digitalisation and Artificial Intelligence in The Healthcare Sector: A Review
Nowadays, artificial intelligence, machine learning, and deep learning are among the most popular and applied topics in many scientific and life fields that serve humanity. This science seeks to impose itself strongly on the various activities and academic circles and information science. Artificial intelligence techniques have proven their worth to be important in many fields, especially in the medical fields, business administration, military applications, communications, and many others. In short, artificial intelligence is from another world that will be of great importance in the future. In this article, the importance of digitisation and artificial intelligence in the healthcare sector will be addressed, what services they provide to this sector, and how they contribute to the service of healthcare workers and patient satisfaction. This article concluded that artificial intelligence and digital technologies are of great importance in the healthcare sector and can never be dispensed with.
Copyright (c) 2022 Maad M. Mijwil, Alaa Khaleel Faieq, Abdel-Hameed Al-Mistarehi http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0
In this paper, we reflect on how Positive Emotion and Meaning elements of Seligman’s PERMA Model were used in assisting Generalised Anxiety Disorder (GAD) patient achieve own wellbeing during work placement. Generalised Anxiety Disorder (GAD) is a global public mental health disorder affecting more women than men. In the UK, it accounts for 5.9% of all mental health disorders and the number of people suffering from GAD continues rising. GAD contributes to negative economic and social impacts on individuals, families, communities, and the nation. Therefore, it is imperative that effective evidence-based interventions are used to enhance the wellbeing of those who suffer from this condition. After using the intervention developed using Positive Emotion and Meaning elements of Seligman’s PERMA Model, the patient showed increased interest and participation in quizzes, pools, and TV watching. He also increased his time spending in communal areas chatting with his peers. He started advocating the activities he was engaged in as therapeutic and recommending them to other patients. He developed positive attitudes towards these activities in that he thought they were preventing him from being bored and from having ill thoughts which would have increased his anxiety levels. We concluded from these results that the use of Seligman PERMA Model’s elements of Positive Emotion and Meaning is useful in developing and implementing intervention that are effective in helping Generalised Anxiety Disorder patients achieve their wellbeing. We therefore recommend that Seligman PERMA model’s elements of Positive Emotion and Meaning should be considered when developing effective interventions aimed at helping GAD patients achieve their wellbeing.
Key Words: Generalised Anxiety Disorder, PERMA Model, Positive Emotions, Meaning, Well-being
Copyright (c) 2022 Enipher Chisale, Fletcher M Phiri http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0
Artificial intelligence for COVID-19: A Short Article
The COVID-19 virus, which began at the end of 2019 in China and spread rapidly and turned into a significant epidemic worldwide, has posed a severe threat to public health. Affected persons may develop an asymptomatic or mild illness or may experience severe consequences, up to acute respiratory failure requiring the support of healthcare workers. In this article, the authors decided to highlight artificial intelligence techniques by identifying the most influential platforms and applications that have been used to track and control the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic. Fifteen tools utilised in the United States, Canada, South Korea, China, Turkey, Iraq, Germany, India, and Netherlands are organised in one table. This article found the significance of artificial intelligence and its ability to combat and control epidemics.
Copyright (c) 2022 Maad M. Mijwil, Rana A. Abttan, Anmar Alkhazraji http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0
Logistics Support for the Ambulance Services at Industrial City Qatar
In order to plan for logistics needs, data regarding the availability of logistics and consumption of logistics is required. Disposable logistics needs are adjusted to meet the minimum standards required by the ambulance unit, both for medicine and supplies. AIM: We are conducting this research mainly for field experience in analyzing ambulance logistics systems at Industrial City locations in Qatar as well as for referral purposes and emergency response purposes. Method: Logistics data reports will provide information and facilitate decision-making at various levels of detail. Result: Logistics support for ambulance services consisted of the following activities: (1). Presenting stock inventory report; (2) Predicting logistics availability; (3) Reporting estimation size of logistics; and (4) Reporting analysis stock availability. Conclusion: A logistics information system for Ambulance services can be seen in the fact that it provides decision-makers with information for the purposes of procurement, purchasing, storage, and distribution of logistics to users. Recommendations: The availability of a logistics information system, which will increase the capacity of ambulance services, is expected to improve the capacity.
Ambulance services, Ambulance nurses, Paramedics, Stock on hand, stock consumed report, Point – reorder.
Copyright (c) 2022 Sobur Setiaman, Sukartana, Agung Purnomo, Eko Murdianto, Novita Anna, Agusta Dian Ellina, Yuly Peristiowati http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0
Cost Comparison of Pressure Sores in the Last 4 Years and Evaluation of the Status of Patients Diagnosed with COVID: Acıbadem Healthcare Group Example
It was designed as a retrospective study. Between January 2018 and June 2021, 590 patients who developed pressure ulcers from 16 hospitals affiliated with Acıbadem Healthcare Group (AHG) were identified and classified as Stage 1, Stage 2, Stage 3, Stage 4 and Unstageable pressure ulcer, suspected of deep tissue damage. The cost of treatment was calculated in each category and the total cost per patient for the company was determined. There are two main ways to get data for analysis; 1- Sentinel Event System Reports (for determining the number of patients with pressure ulcers) and 2- Patient Services Pricing Department (for defining the cost of treatment). Costs and costing given by the pricing department with a bottom-up approach are calculated from the patient perspective. Pressure sore cost calculation for COVID-19 patients covers the period from March 2020 to June 2021. Data analysis: Two main ways were used to collect data for analysis; 1- Sentinel Event Notification System Reports (for determining the number of patients with pressure ulcers) and 2- Patient Services Pricing Department (for defining the cost of treatment). Population: All patients who developed pressure ulcers in 16 hospitals affiliated to Acıbadem Healthcare Group since 2018
Copyright (c) 2022 Saliha Koç Aslan, Gülay Göçmen, İlknur Yurdakul http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0
Anesthesia Management in Cesarean Section for Close Contact Parturient with COVID-19 Patient: A Case Report
During the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) outbreak, which produced a disease that had been termed COVID-19, safely treating patients that have contracted COVID-19 has become a very challenging problem for both patients and healthcare workers alike. The case we will be dealing with concerns a surgery of a full-term parturient who tested negative for COVID-19 at the time of surgery but had been living with a husband who contracted COVID-19. The parturient was taken up for an elective caesarean section under spinal anesthesia in an isolated operating room. It is necessary to consider how to manage the patient who was a close contact even if their COVID-19 test result is negative and how to set up the protocols to protect healthcare workers themselves in such situation. Keywords ---- (COVID-19, Caesarean section, Parturient, Spinal anesthesia)
Copyright (c) 2022 Yeon Ji Roh , Ki Young Shin, Jangho Bae, Seongsik Kang http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0
Correlation of Fischer’s Ratio with Liver Fibrosis in Naive Chronic Hepatitis B Patients without Comorbidities
Introduction: Hepatitis B virus infection is one of the most common health problems in the world. 20% Chronic hepatitis B can can change into liver fibrosis. The liver is the center of the body's Amino Acids metabolism. Amino acid changes can occur due to impaired liver function. Fisher's ratio (BCAA/AAA) has become one of the sign of liver fibrosis. This study wanted to find a relationship between Fischer Ratio values and liver fibrosis in naive chronic hepatitis B patients without comorbidities. Method: The research was conducted from October 2020-May 2021 at DR. Moewardi Hospital, Surakarta, Indonesia. Subjects were naive chronic hepatitis B patients without comorbidities with a minimum age of 30 years. The study used a cross-sectional method. Fischer Ratio values were assessed by spectrophotometry and liver fibrosis was assessed by transient elastography (fibroscan). A correlation test was conducted to determine the relationship between variables. Result: 20 patients were included in the study. The average age of the research subjects was 47 ± 10 years. The average Fisher's ratio value was 2.83 ± 1.16 and the average fibroscan value was 17.31 ± 18.50 kPa. Ratio Fischer had a correlation with liver fibrosis with r= - 0.571 (p=0.004). Conclusions: Ratio Fischer has a negative correlation with liver fibrosis in naive chronic hepatitis B patients without comorbidities.
Hepatitis B, Fisher's ratio, Liver Fibrosis, hepatitis
Copyright (c) 2022 Mohammad Rilwanu Rafsanjani, Triyanta Yuli Pramana, Arifin http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0
Repeated Single Level Lumbar Sympathetic Neurolysis using Alcohol in a Plantar Hyperhidrosis Patient: A 5-year Follow-up Case Report
Background: Plantar hyperhidrosis causes discomfort in daily life. However, there are few reports on sympathetic neurolysis in plantar hyperhidrosis. Case: A 19-year-old woman complained of excessive sweating of both hands and feet. Using video-assisted thoracic surgery, the patient underwent bilateral T3 sympathectomy in the department of chest surgery. One year later, she visited pain clinic with with plantar hyperhidrosis and wanted to undergo sympathetic block. Lumbar sympathetic neurolysis was performed using 2.5 ml of pure anhydrous alcohol at the L4 vertebral level. The symptoms improved after the procedure, and there were no side effects. The patient again underwent sympathetic neurolysis as the symptoms recur. Conclusions: Repeated lumbar sympathetic neurolysis was performed in a patient with plantar hyperhidrosis, and its success was confirmed during 5 years of follow-up.
Copyright (c) 2021 Yeong-Gwan Jeon, Young-Hyun Jin, Hyun-Jae Im, Young-Bok Lee http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0
Anesthetic Consideration in Case of Large Lymphangioma in Right Atrioventricular Groove: A Case Report
Background Cardiac tumor is a rare disease but it causes various hemodynamic changes depending on location and size. Compression of the right sided heart can lead to impaired venous return and consequent systemic and coronary vascular collapse. Case A 62-year-old male who had cardiac lymphangioma on right atrio-ventricular groove. Upon entering the operating room, he was admitted to the tamponade physiology with tachycardia and hypotension. Opioid based anesthesia was performed to minimize myocardial depression, and myocardial function was continuously monitored through Transesophageal echocardiography and pulmonary artery catheter to safely wean the cardio pulmonary bypass (CPB) machine. Conclusion Anesthesiologists should be able to predict and respond appropriately to physiological hemodynamic changes according to the location and size of cardiac tumor.
Copyright (c) 2021 Min-Woo Yoon, Hyun-Jae Im, Jihyoung Park http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0
Differences and Similarities between Coronaviruses: A Comparative Review
Today, humans fight powerful and active viruses that never take hold and do not know defeat, named coronaviruses. These viruses have start in 2002 and continued to grow and have changed their chains dramatically until now. They are known for having many similar features in common, and there are also structural differences between them. The most important reason that has turned coronaviruses into a pandemic is that this disease is easily transmitted by droplets near infected people, which leads to the spread of this virus faster worldwide. The more details known about coronaviruses that have profoundly affected humanity in the past and present and the diseases they cause, the more benefit in help designing an immune response or preventive vaccine to these viruses in the near future. In this article, coronaviruses, how they have been started and spread, and what differences and similarities are between them will be briefly covered here. The information of this investigation is taken from articles and the world health organization and are reviewed here. The goal is to document this information for future reference.
Copyright (c) 2021 Maad M. Mijwil, Ayser Shamil Alsaadi, Karan Aggarwal http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate maternal and perinatal outcomes among ladies treated for hypothyroidism in pregnancy at antenatal clinics of King Hussein Medical Centre. METHODS: This study was conducted at antenatal clinics of King Hussein medical center during the period from April 2018 to April 2020. We studied 200 pregnant women with hypothyroidism as a study group (group I) who were compared to 200 euthyroid pregnant women as a control group (group II). RESULTS: The incidence of obstetric complications in group I vs group II found to be as the followings: Pre-eclampsia 12%(24) vs 9%(18), miscarriage 10%(20) vs 4%(8), while preterm labor was 20%(40) vs 22%(44), the antepartum hemorrhage 5%(10) vs 4%(8), Post-partum hemorrhage 7%(14) vs 5%(10) respectively. There were no significant statistical differences in these outcomes in both groups and preterm labor pain was the most frequent pregnancy complication encountered (20% vs, 22 %) CONCLUSION: Proper treatment of hypothyroid patients before pregnancy and throughout pregnancy would probably eliminate the potential risk of developing maternal and fetal complications, treated hypothyroid patients hold no significant differences in pregnancy-related complications once compared to euthyroid women. Keywords: Hypothyroidism, Pregnancy, Outcome
Copyright (c) 2021 Emad Alsharu, Bassam Nussair, Jameel Marabha, Ala Hindawi http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0
Reflections on Communication Difficulties Related to Covid-19
This paper describes some of the concept which are often miscommunicated between scientists, politicians and laypeople. Scientists are advised to take a more active role in explaining relevant concepts so that they can be understood by laypeople and thus facilitate better discussions.
Copyright (c) 2021 Suzanne Lisbeth Ekelund http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0
Spinal Anesthesia of a Patient with Central Core Disease for Caesarean Section: A Case Report
Central core disease is an autosomal dominant congenital myopathy. It typically manifests as muscle weakness and developmental delay. Central core disease is also associated with malignant hyperthermia which can be developed by volatile agent or succinylcholine. Here, we are reporting a case of a 34-year-old primigravida with central core disease who underwent an emergency cesarean section under spinal anesthesia without complications.
Copyright (c) 2021 Se Jin Kim , Yeon Ji Roh, So Yeon Cho , Jangho Bae, Seongsik Kang http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0
Brain Tumor Radiotherapy Role and Variation
Objectives: We report our experiences of brain tumors management by surgery and radiotherapyWhether It has been used as adjuvant, radical or palliative therapy belonging to benign or malignant tumors over 2 years period at ENT, neurosurgery and radiotherapy departments royal medical services. Methods: We used a retrospective study design to review all brain tumor patients(benign, malignant or metastatic) operated in neurosurgical department and referred to radiotherapy after discussing each case in multidisciplinary clinic in 2018 and 2019. Patient files, radiological images computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans), histo-pathological reports and radiotherapy management plan were reviewed for patients. Results: In total, 137 patients with brain tumor managed byradiotherapy 64 patients were metastatic, 37 patients high grad glioma, 12 patients atypical meningioma, 7 patients medulloblastoma, rest of cases discussed in the study . Conclusions: Radiotherapy has been fulfilling crucial part in the treatment of CNS tumors, where it has been implemented as adjuvant therapy or even being the solitary resort where surgery is inapplicable or used as palliative therapy in different regimens according to histopathology, performance status and different sites.
brain tumor, benign, malignant,radiotherapy,adjuvant, palliative.
Copyright (c) 2021 Eyad Lutfi Abu Nahlah, Raed M. Aljubour, Zuhair Abu Salma, Rakan A. Lozi, Hamzeh M. Alkhawaldeh, Motasem M. Al-Hanaqta, Sura Al-Rawabdeh http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0
Curvilinear Moderation of Perceived Co-Worker Support on Bullied Health Professionals: Timelag Study
Objectives. The research highlights the role of co-worker’s support in bullied health professionals. Investigating the extend of support, firstly, how it helps the bullied professionals not to quit their jobs. Secondly, how the continued constant and increased support from co-workers drastically change it to higher turnover intention. Material and Methods. Data was gathered from 300 health professionals working in different hospitals in two time-lags with the lapse of almost 6 weeks using convenience sampling technique. Results. Data analysis revealed the strong positive connection between workplace bullying and turn over intention posing alarming challenge for health professionals and organizations as well. Further the research proved the strong impact of lower and higher levels of perceived co-worker support in manipulating the decision of bullied professionals to turnover. Conclusion. Workplace bullying is on alarmingly rise affecting the health sector as well and it is the worst type of social stress being evident at workplaces causing serious medical errors and list goes on. This Research helps to understand the role of co-worker’s support on victims opening new avenues, adding new variable for future research on bulling culture.
Copyright (c) 2021 Dr. Sarah Hamid http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0
Epidemiological Profile of COVID-19 in Brazil and Worldwide
Introduction: COVID-19, caused by the new coronavirus or SARSCoV-2, has a high capacity for dissemination, which brings about an emergency scenario in public health. It manifests itself in a multifaceted manner, with a great variability in the profile of the affected population, which may be associated with biological, social and economic factors. Objective: To know the epidemiological profile of the population affected by COVID-19, in order to promote better assistance. Methods: This is a literature review, starting in 2020, using the SciELO, PubMed, Google Scholar, DATASUS databases and the website of the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE). Results: Studies show a higher prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in men, in the age group after the fourth decade of life and among whites. Discussion: The first studies showed a prevalence of coronavirus infection in males. One of the hypotheses drawn was that men present more cardiopulmonary diseases and smoke more. Another study shows that women's lower susceptibility to infection is due to the X chromosome and sex hormones, which are essential for the innate and adaptive immune response. As for the age group, most studies show a higher prevalence after the fourth decade of life, due to increased expression of angiotensin 2 receptors (ACE2), hormonal changes in aging and associated comorbidities. Conclusion: Studies show with greater assertiveness a predominance of involvement by COVID-19 in males, individuals from the fourth decade of life and in whites. However, it is important to investigate the epidemiological profile in order to offer better assistance and prevention.
Sex, ethnicity, epidemiological profile, age groups, COVID-19
Copyright (c) 2021 Carla de Freitas, Gabriela Calanca, Elias Jirjoss Ilias; Arthur Sousa Bezerra http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0
Psychological Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Nurses Employed by the Palestinian Ministry of Health in Gaza
Introduction: Coronaviruses hit the world at the end of 2019, but the first two cases inGaza Strip were diagnosed on 21 March in the quarantine centers. Nurses working with infected or suspected cases are at high risk to get the disease which may generate anxiety among them. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the psychological impact of COVID-19 pandemic on Palestinian nurses employed by the Palestinian Ministry of Health in Gaza Strip, Palestine. Materials and methods: A toal of 424 nurses completed an online questionnaire packet that included demographic data and the 7-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7). Results: Results from this study revealed that while only 22.4% of the participants worked at quarantine centers designated to take care of infected/suspected cases of COVID-19, but a huge number of them (77.6%) got in direct contact with infected people. Variant levels of anxiety were reported by participants with 35.4% of them having mild, 23.6 % moderate and 13.4 % severe levels of anxiety while 27.6% did not manifest anxiety. Factors contributed to the level of anxiety include having a family member diagnosed with COVID-19, a family member died with COVID-19 and getting in direct contact with people infected/ suspected to have COVID-19. Conclusions and implications for practice: The high level of exposure to contamination of Corona virus represent risk factor of nurse's fear and anxiety through their contact with patients, friends, relatives and family members. Psycho-social support programs as setting channels of one-to-one online or phone counseling for nurses may be effective to alleviate negative psychological effects and to enhance the mental health of nurses.
Nurses, Psychological impact, Gaza Strip, Palestinian Ministry of Health, COVID-19, GAD-7
Copyright (c) 2021 Abdalkarim Said Radwan http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0
Assessing Nursing Enteral Nutrition Practices and Perspectives in An Intensive Care Unit of A Level Six Hospital in Kenya
Background: Adequate nutritional support is important for the comprehensive management of patients in intensive care units (ICUs). Aim: The study was aimed to survey prevalent enteral nutrition practices in the general intensive care unit, nurses' perception, and their knowledge of enteral feeding. Study Design: The study was conducted in the ICU of a level 6 hospital in Kenya. The study design used was crosses sectional descript study. Materials and Methods: thirty four questionnaires were distributed and the results analyzed. A database was prepared and analyzed. Results: all (100%) questionnaires were filled and returned. A majority (32) of staff nurses expressed awareness of nutrition guidelines. A large number (27) of staff nurses knew about existence of nutrition protocols in the ICU. Almost all nurses (82.4%) chose enteral nutrition as their preferred route of nutrition unless contraindicated. All staff nurses were of the opinion that enteral nutrition is to be started at the earliest (within 24-48 h of the ICU stay). Half (50%) were of the thought that the absence of bowel sounds is an absolute contraindication to initiate enteral feeding. Passage of a nasogastric tube (Ryle’s tube) was considered mandatory before starting enteral nutrition by 86% of the respondents. Everyone knew that the method of Ryle's tube feeding in their ICU is intermittent boluses. Only 4 staff nurses were unaware of any method to confirm Ryle's tube position. The backrest elevation rate was 70%. Gastric residual volumes were always checked, but the amount of the gastric residual volume for the next feed to be withheld varied. The majority said that the unused Ryle's tube feed is to be discarded after 24 h. The most preferred (48%) to upgrade their knowledge of enteral nutrition as a personal initiative and CME. Conclusion: Information generated from this study can be helpful in identifying nutrition practices gaps and may be used to review and revise enteral feeding practices where necessary. Keywords: Enteral nutrition, intensive care, nursing, tube feeding
Keywords: Enteral nutrition, intensive care, nursing, tube feeding
Copyright (c) 2020 DANIEL KOMEN http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0
General Anesthetic Management for Patient with Brugada Syndrome: A Case Report
Brugada syndrome is an arrhythmogenic cardiopathy characterized by electrocardiography (ECG) pattern of the presence of an atypical right bundle branch block pattern with ST segment elevation in the precordial leads (V1-V3). It is sometimes associated with sudden deaths caused by ventricular arrhythmia. Here, we are reporting a case of a 43-year-old male patient with Brugada syndrome who underwent a tonsillectomy under general anesthesia without any complications.
Copyright (c) 2020 Ji Won Bak, Se Jin Kim , Yeon Ji Roh , So Yeon Cho , Seongsik Kang http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0
Criteria Used to Assess Need for Use of Morphine for Adult Cancer Pain Relief in Kakamega County Referral Hospital, Kenya, Africa
The experience of pain in cancer patients is widely accepted as a major threat to quality of life, and its relief has emerged as a priority in oncology care. Although morphine and other opioids is the mainstay of cancer pain management, patients still suffer from moderate to severe pain. This paper investigated the criteria used to assess need for use of morphine for pain relief in cancer patients in Kakamega county referral hospital. The study used a cross-sectional research design. Target population was 295 which included physicians (medical doctors), nurses and clinical officers working at the Kakamega County General Hospital. The study employed focused group discussion and questionnaires to collect data. The study findings revealed that prescribers of morphine face challenges and FGD indicated that health care providers often create barriers to effective pain management. Time constraints and insufficient knowledge regarding pain management of medical professionals were the most commonly encountered barriers to effective pain management for physicians, clinical officers and nurses. There was a significant relationship between criteria used and morphine use in cancer pain relief (p=0.013) The study concluded that for one to use morphine to control cancer pain amongst adult, they should consider; the dose and length of time allowed by a single prescription, challenges faced when prescribing morphine, that morphine can only be sold to institutions that have at least a medical officer and the actual cost of morphine.
Morphine use, cancer pain relief, adult cancer patients
Copyright (c) 2020 Judygrace Monyangi Ombati http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0
Bronchospasm during Anesthesia Induction in A Patient with Undiagnosed Asthma
In large study of 9287 children undergoing general anesthesia, the incidence of perioperative bronchospasm is 2.1 percent. During anesthesia in patients with well-controlled asthma, airway complications such as bronchospasm are rare. However, poorly controlled asthma is closely related to the pathophysiologic mechanisms of nonallergic and allergic bronchospasm. More than 80% of asthma patients have allergic rhinitis, and 10-40% of allergic rhinitis patients have asthma. We report a case of a 10-year-old male with undiagnosed asthma who developed bronchospasm during induction of anesthesia. This patient had been treated for allergic rhinitis before surgery. Unexpected bronchospasm occurred immediately after induction of anesthesia and was treated with salbutamol nebulizer and intravenous dexamethasone. In addition, a massive hypotension-suspected anaphylactic reaction occurred and was treated with intravenous epinephrine, after which airway pressure and vital signs improved. For safety, the operation was canceled, anesthesia was discontinued, and the patient was discharged without specific complications. Asthma was diagnosed upon further evaluation two weeks after discharge. Because this patient had been treated for allergic rhinitis before surgery, asthma should have been diagnosed before surgery. If asthma symptoms before anesthesia were well-controlled using a bronchodilator, steroid, etc., bronchospasm could have been prevented during anesthesia in the current case. This case suggests that, when possible, asthma should be diagnosed before surgery in allergic rhinitis patients. This case also suggests that anesthesia should be performed after good control of asthma symptoms before surgery to prevent life-threatening perioperative events.
Copyright (c) 2020 Bo Sung Kim, Jae Chan Choi http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0
Compassion Fatigue in Cancer Nursing: Limiting the Emotional Cost of Caring
A diagnosis of cancer is overly devastating to patients and their significant others, creating a tsunami of emotions, pain and suffering, with oncology nurses as focal point in the cancer tragedy. With the increasing burden of cancer, nurses in the field of oncology witness profound suffering while providing compassionate care. Providing compassionate care is satisfying but a point reaches where nurses’ may experience a diminution in compassionate ability, a state referred to as compassion fatigue. A state which has consequences not only for nurses themselves, but also for patient care and organizations’ productivity. While individual nurses should pay attention to self-care in order to protect themselves from compassion fatigue; nurse managers and hospital administrators should support them by creating a favourable workplace. Institutional strategies to prevent compassion fatigue include acknowledgement of existence of the phenomenon, education on coping strategies, on-site counselling services and fostering peer support.
Copyright (c) 2020 Adaobi Lilian Obiekwu, Chiamaka Jennifer Okafor, Ngozi Joy Omotola http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0
False Covid-19 Test Results – Could We Do Things Better? A Personal Opinion
This paper describes the problems with false covid-19 test results, both false positive and false negative results. The problems are related to the quality of tests, test sampling and the currently limited follow-up procedures. A test and follow-up strategy that could decrease the potential problems is suggested.
Copyright (c) 2020 Suzanne Lisbeth Ekelund http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0