Hypothyroidism and Pregnancy outcome
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24203/ajpnms.v9i3.6671Keywords:
Hypothyroidism, Pregnancy, OutcomeAbstract
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate maternal and perinatal outcomes among ladies treated for hypothyroidism in pregnancy at antenatal clinics of King Hussein Medical Centre.
METHODS: This study was conducted at antenatal clinics of King Hussein medical center during the period from April 2018 to April 2020. We studied 200 pregnant women with hypothyroidism as a study group (group I) who were compared to 200 euthyroid pregnant women as a control group (group II).
RESULTS:
The incidence of obstetric complications in group I vs group II found to be as the followings:
Pre-eclampsia 12%(24) vs 9%(18), miscarriage 10%(20) vs 4%(8), while preterm labor was 20%(40) vs 22%(44), the antepartum hemorrhage 5%(10) vs 4%(8), Post-partum hemorrhage 7%(14) vs 5%(10) respectively.
There were no significant statistical differences in these outcomes in both groups and
preterm labor pain was the most frequent pregnancy complication encountered (20% vs, 22 %)
CONCLUSION:
Proper treatment of hypothyroid patients before pregnancy and throughout pregnancy would probably eliminate the potential risk of developing maternal and fetal complications, treated hypothyroid patients hold no significant differences in pregnancy-related complications once compared to euthyroid women.
Keywords: Hypothyroidism, Pregnancy, Outcome
References
References
-John H Lazarus. Thyroid in childhood and adolescence.Pediatr Adolesc Med Basel Karger, 2007,Vol 11,pp 25-43.
- John H. Lazarus. Epidemiology and Prevention of Thyroid Disease in Pregnancy. Thyroid volume 12.number 10.2002.
-. Allan WC, Haddow JE, Palomaki GE, Williams JR, Mitchell ML,
Hermos RJ, et al. Maternal thyroid deficiency and pregnancy complications:
implications for population screening. J Med Screen
; 7:127-30 .
-Cunningham FG, Leveno KJ, Bloom SL, Hauth JC, Gilstrap
L, Wenstrom KD, editors. Thyroid and other endocrine disorders. In: Williams obstetrics. 22nd end. New York: McGraw Hill, 2005. pp. 1189_208.
LaFranchi SH, Haddow JE, Hollowell JG. Is thyroid inadequacy
during gestation a risk factor for adverse pregnancy and developmental
Outcomes? Thyroid 2005; 15:60-71.
- Anselmo J, Cao D, Karrison T, Weiss RE, Refetoff S. Fetal loss
associated with excess thyroid hormone exposure. J Am Med Assoc
; 292:691–5.
- Casey BM, Dashe JS, Wells CE, et al. Subclinical hypothyroidism and
pregnancy outcomes. Obstet Gynecol 2005;105:239–45.
-Casey BM, Dashe JS, Wells CE, Mcntire DE, Byrd EW, Leveno KJ et al. Subclinical hypothyroidism and pregnancy outcome. Obstet Gynecol.2005; 105:239-45.
-Ablovich M, Gutierrez S, Alcaraz G, Macalinni G, Garcia A, Levalle O. Overt and subclinical hypothyroidism complicating pregnancy. Thyroid .2002;12:63-68.
-Negro R, Formoso G, Mangieri T, Pezarosa A, Sazzi D, Hassan H.Levothyroxin treatment in euthyroid pregnant women with autoimmune thyroid disease 2587-91.
Alexander EK, Marqusee E, Lawrence J, Jarolim P, Fischer GA, Larsen PR 2004 Timing and magnitude of increases in levothyroxine requirements
during pregnancy in women with hypothyroidism. N Engl J Med 351:
–249
ToftA2004 Increased levothyroxine requirements in pregnancy—why, when,
and how much? N Engl J Med 351:292–294
Spong CY 2005 Maternal thyroid disorders and preterm birth: another piece
of the puzzle? Thyroid 15:349–350
Hollowell JG, LaFranchi S, Smallridge RC, Spong CY, Haddow JE, Boyle CA
2004 where do we go from here?—summary of working group discussions
on thyroid function and gestational outcomes. Thyroid 15:72–76
Roti E, Minelli R, Salvi M. Management of hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism in the pregnant woman. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2003; 81: 1679-82.
-Marcos Abalovich, Nobuyuki Amino, Linda A. Barbour, Rhoda H. Cobin, Leslie J. De Groot, Daniel Glinoer, Susan J. Mandel, and Alex Stagnaro-Green. Thyroid Dysfunction during Pregnancy and Postpartum Guideline Task Force. J Clin Endocrinol Metab: 92 (8) (Supplement): S1-S47, 2007
- HYPERLINK "http://informahealthcare.com/action/doSearch?action=runSearch&type=advanced&result=true&prevSearch=%2Bauthorsfield%3A%28Lee%5C-Parritz%2C+Aviva%29" t "_blank" Aviva Lee-Parritz, HYPERLINK "http://informahealthcare.com/action/doSearch?action=runSearch&type=advanced&result=true&prevSearch=%2Bauthorsfield%3A%28Lieberman%2C+Ellice+S%29" t "_blank" Ellice S Lieberman .Obstetric and neonatal outcomes associated with maternal hypothyroid disease.2005, Vol. 17, No. 1, Pages 35-39 (doi:10.1080/14767050400028642)
-Idris I, Srinivasan R, Simm A et al. Maternal hypothyroidism in early
and late gestation: effects on neonatal and obstetric outcome. Clin
Endocrinol (Oxf) 2005; 63: 560-
-Shai Matalon, Eyal Sheiner, Amalia Levy, Moshe Mazor and Arnon Wiznitzer. Maternal hypothyroidism is not associated with adverse perinatal outcomes. HYPERLINK "http://www.sciencedirect.com.pbidi.unam.mx:8080/science?_ob=PublicationURL&_tockey=%23TOC%236688%232003%23998109993.8998%23475414%23FLA%23&_cdi=6688&_pubType=J&view=c&_auth=y&_acct=C000048981&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=945819&md5=c4b608b53f5f32143965e825c576d3dc" t "_blank" Volume 189, Issue 6, Supplement 1, December 2003, Page S190
References
-John H Lazarus. Thyroid in childhood and adolescence.Pediatr Adolesc Med Basel Karger, 2007,Vol 11,pp 25-43.
- John H. Lazarus. Epidemiology and Prevention of Thyroid Disease in Pregnancy. Thyroid volume 12.number 10.2002.
-. Allan WC, Haddow JE, Palomaki GE, Williams JR, Mitchell ML,
Hermos RJ, et al. Maternal thyroid deficiency and pregnancy complications:
implications for population screening. J Med Screen
; 7:127-30 .
-Cunningham FG, Leveno KJ, Bloom SL, Hauth JC, Gilstrap
L, Wenstrom KD, editors. Thyroid and other endocrine disorders. In: Williams obstetrics. 22nd end. New York: McGraw Hill, 2005. pp. 1189_208.
LaFranchi SH, Haddow JE, Hollowell JG. Is thyroid inadequacy
during gestation a risk factor for adverse pregnancy and developmental
Outcomes? Thyroid 2005; 15:60-71.
- Anselmo J, Cao D, Karrison T, Weiss RE, Refetoff S. Fetal loss
associated with excess thyroid hormone exposure. J Am Med Assoc
; 292:691–5.
- Casey BM, Dashe JS, Wells CE, et al. Subclinical hypothyroidism and
pregnancy outcomes. Obstet Gynecol 2005;105:239–45.
-Casey BM, Dashe JS, Wells CE, Mcntire DE, Byrd EW, Leveno KJ et al. Subclinical hypothyroidism and pregnancy outcome. Obstet Gynecol.2005; 105:239-45.
-Ablovich M, Gutierrez S, Alcaraz G, Macalinni G, Garcia A, Levalle O. Overt and subclinical hypothyroidism complicating pregnancy. Thyroid .2002;12:63-68.
-Negro R, Formoso G, Mangieri T, Pezarosa A, Sazzi D, Hassan H.Levothyroxin treatment in euthyroid pregnant women with autoimmune thyroid disease 2587-91.
Alexander EK, Marqusee E, Lawrence J, Jarolim P, Fischer GA, Larsen PR 2004 Timing and magnitude of increases in levothyroxine requirements
during pregnancy in women with hypothyroidism. N Engl J Med 351:
–249
ToftA2004 Increased levothyroxine requirements in pregnancy—why, when,
and how much? N Engl J Med 351:292–294
Spong CY 2005 Maternal thyroid disorders and preterm birth: another piece
of the puzzle? Thyroid 15:349–350
Hollowell JG, LaFranchi S, Smallridge RC, Spong CY, Haddow JE, Boyle CA
2004 where do we go from here?—summary of working group discussions
on thyroid function and gestational outcomes. Thyroid 15:72–76
Roti E, Minelli R, Salvi M. Management of hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism in the pregnant woman. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2003; 81: 1679-82.
-Marcos Abalovich, Nobuyuki Amino, Linda A. Barbour, Rhoda H. Cobin, Leslie J. De Groot, Daniel Glinoer, Susan J. Mandel, and Alex Stagnaro-Green. Thyroid Dysfunction during Pregnancy and Postpartum Guideline Task Force. J Clin Endocrinol Metab: 92 (8) (Supplement): S1-S47, 2007
- HYPERLINK "http://informahealthcare.com/action/doSearch?action=runSearch&type=advanced&result=true&prevSearch=%2Bauthorsfield%3A%28Lee%5C-Parritz%2C+Aviva%29" t "_blank" Aviva Lee-Parritz, HYPERLINK "http://informahealthcare.com/action/doSearch?action=runSearch&type=advanced&result=true&prevSearch=%2Bauthorsfield%3A%28Lieberman%2C+Ellice+S%29" t "_blank" Ellice S Lieberman .Obstetric and neonatal outcomes associated with maternal hypothyroid disease.2005, Vol. 17, No. 1, Pages 35-39 (doi:10.1080/14767050400028642)
-Idris I, Srinivasan R, Simm A et al. Maternal hypothyroidism in early
and late gestation: effects on neonatal and obstetric outcome. Clin
Endocrinol (Oxf) 2005; 63: 560-
-Shai Matalon, Eyal Sheiner, Amalia Levy, Moshe Mazor and Arnon Wiznitzer. Maternal hypothyroidism is not associated with adverse perinatal outcomes. HYPERLINK "http://www.sciencedirect.com.pbidi.unam.mx:8080/science?_ob=PublicationURL&_tockey=%23TOC%236688%232003%23998109993.8998%23475414%23FLA%23&_cdi=6688&_pubType=J&view=c&_auth=y&_acct=C000048981&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=945819&md5=c4b608b53f5f32143965e825c576d3dc" t "_blank" Volume 189, Issue 6, Supplement 1, December 2003, Page S190
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