Asian Journal of Humanities and Social Studies
Papers must be submitted on the understanding that they have not been published elsewhere (except in the form of an abstract or as part of a published lecture, review, or thesis) and are not currently under consideration by another journal published by any other publisher. It is also the authors responsibility to ensure that the articles emanating from a particular source are submitted with the necessary approval. The authors warrant that the paper is original and that he/she is the author of the paper, except for material that is clearly identified as to its original source, with permission notices from the copyright owners where required. The authors ensure that all the references carefully and they are accurate in the text as well as in the list of references (and vice versa). Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal. Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal. Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access). The journal/publisher is not responsible for subsequent uses of the work. It is the author's responsibility to bring an infringement action if so desired by the author.
Is There Hope in the Old Age of Korean Baby Boomers?
This study investigates the factors that influence the level of hope among South Korean baby boomers aged 62 to 70. Using data from 198 participants, the research analyzes how life quality, social participation, and economic satisfaction contribute to their hope level. Multiple regression analysis revealed that all three variables had significant positive effects, with life quality emerging as the strongest predictor. The study suggests that improving life quality and promoting social engagement are key strategies for enhancing hope in old age. Policy implications and limitations are also discussed
Copyright (c) 2025 Youngmi Moon https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Building Peace and Governance: Analyzing Somaliland's Initiatives for Social Cohesion and Development
Since declaring independence from Somalia in 1991, Somaliland’s peace initiatives have promoted governance, social cohesion, and development. This study examines strategies, including reconciliation processes, inclusive decision-making, and the integration of traditional and modern governance. The research draws upon works by Omaar (2004), Ridout (2012), Mohamed (2024), Fernández Garcia (2017), Richards (2016), Hersi (2018), and Ingiriis (2021) to analyze Somaliland's peacebuilding approach. Recognizing the role of the clan system in social organization has been crucial to Somaliland's success. By incorporating traditional leadership into modern governance, Somaliland has built resilient social structures that emphasize dialogue and community participation. The 1993 Grand National Reconciliation Conference established power-sharing agreements and decentralized governance to address historical grievances. Somaliland's focus on civic engagement, including women, youth, and marginalized groups, has strengthened social cohesion beyond clan affiliations. The 2001 Constitution and regular elections have institutionalized accountability. However, Somaliland faces challenges from regional security threats and internal clan divisions. Despite these obstacles, Somaliland has demonstrated effective post-conflict reconstruction through community-driven initiatives and inclusive governance. These experiences offer lessons for regions that face similar challenges in achieving sustainable peace.
Peacebuilding, Governance, Social Cohesion, Post Conflict Recovery Sustainable Development
Copyright (c) 2025 Adnan Isak Ali https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Book Review: The Languages of Ethiopia: Aspects of the Sociolinguistic Profile
Abstract: The Languages of Ethiopia: Aspects of the Sociolinguistic Profile provides a comprehensive exploration of the country's linguistic diversity and the intricate sociolinguistic dynamics that shape language use across various domains. The volume covers the historical development of languages in Ethiopia, the influences of language policy, and the complexities of multilingualism in both rural and urban contexts. This review critically evaluates the book’s thematic organisation, analytical depth, and its contribution to sociolinguistic research, particularly regarding language contact, identity, and policy implications. While the book offers valuable insights into Ethiopia’s linguistic landscape, this review highlights areas where deeper empirical investigation and updated data could enhance understanding. The work is recommended for linguists, sociolinguists, policymakers, and anyone interested in the intersection of language, society, and culture in Ethiopia.
Copyright (c) 2025 Mihiretu Wakwoya https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
The Politics of Self-Determination: Why Has Abyei Remained a Conflict Hotspot Between Sudan and South Sudan?
The contestations of Abyei by Sudan and South Sudan has continued to brew conflicts for the two sisterly states. While the conflicts emanate from the lack of clarity of eligible voters from the Abyei Protocol, 2004 of the Comprehensive Peace Agreement (CPA), 2005, the contestations graduated into the cacophony tunes of nationalism. The Government of South Sudan being led by the ruling party, SPLM and to the greatest extent, by the Revitalized Transitional Government of National Unity (R-TGoNU) argues Abyei as part and parcel of South Sudan and this can be confirmed by the conduct of a referendum for self-determination. Although this argument is being tweaked on the Abyei protocol that spelt out the voters as resident of Abyei and which the Ngok Dinka believe to be them since they permanently stay in Abyei, Misseriya Arabs, who seasonably graze their cattle at river Kiir consider themselves as voters in the Abyei plebiscite. Thus, this has caused contestations, tensions and conflicts in the Abyei area. Though the protocol has designated the Chief Administrator of Abyei Area, the ultimate goal was to conduct a referendum for self-determination alongside Southern Sudan referendum on 9th January 2011. The paper argues that failure to conduct the Abyei referendum the same day with Southern Sudan referendum is to do with zero-sum interest of Government of Sudan to retain Abyei so as to own hydrocarbon resources. Abyei has enormous crude oil which the Government of Sudan doesn’t want to loss again like the way its lost 90% of its oilfields to South Sudan. This economic interest driven by centripetal politics has led the two sisterly countries to collide over Abyei ownership leading to sporadic conflicts in the region from 2011. While the Government of South Sudan insists that Abyei belong to nine Ngok-Dinka chiefdom who are members of greater Dinka of South Sudan and who are only eligible to vote, the Government of Sudan has categorically rejected this, leading to the cul-de-sac. While other attempts were made including the ruling of Permanent Court of Arbitration (PCA) of awarding the people of Abyei to South Sudan and oil resources to Sudan, this did not help in resolving the Abyei debacle. The paper has used qualitative research design with a case study of Abyei and other drawn examples from contested areas such as Kashmir. It process-traces the Abyei contestations between Sudan and South Sudan. The study concludes that although Abyei remains a disastrous and highly contested spot amongst the contested lands in the world, contested lands don't have to remain contested and the two Governments of Sudan and South Sudan must immediately resolve Abyei status to eschew sporadic conflicts, deaths and destruction of properties.
politics, self-determination, Abyei, protocol, conflict, hotspot, Sudan, South Sudan
Copyright (c) 2025 Jacob Dut Chol Riak https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Ethical AI Use: Understanding Perception of Learning Outcomes and Equity
The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) in classrooms has transformed pedagogical and learning practices alike, allowing for greater student academic achievement. However, its ethical implications remain a critical concern, with educational institutions attempting to address (and often circumvent) the use of generative AI in assessment. By analysing existing literature and conducting semi-structured interviews and focus groups discussions with freshmen at a private university in Pakistan, this research qualitatively examines how generative AI tools impact student perceptions and positionality in debates about educational equity, learning outcomes, and ethical engagement with AI. To triangulate the findings, first year students were divided into experimental and control groups, with the former exposed to monthly AI training. Firstly, the findings showed that the use of generative AI, particularly ChatGPT, and subsequent discussions posit AI as both an obstacle and a path to educational equity. Additionally, AI use in universities is negotiated based on one’s positionality, with varying concerns for learning outcomes. There was a difference in trust in AI between the groups, with many vocalising and citing concerns such as algorithmic bias and an uneraseable digital footprint. Moreover, generative AI seems to be positioned differently in ethical understandings, as a personal and institutional ethical problem. This study provides a discussion about the appropriate practices for AI use in education, emphasising the need for clearer guidelines. It also highlights the fast-paced progress of generative AI and how debates and perceptions about these tools are still in their nascent phase.
Artificial Intelligence (AI), learning outcomes, educational equity, and ethical considerations
Copyright (c) 2025 Farhana Shahzad https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
The capacity to peruse English is fundamental for scholastic and expert achievement, especially for EFL understudies. Be that as it may, perusing cognizance in EFL settings is often frustrated by restricted jargon, deficient openness to legitimate texts, and an absence of key understanding procedures. This study analyzes the effect of unequivocal perusing methodology guidance in tending to these difficulties and advancing understudy independence. It centers around systems like skimming, filtering, foreseeing, and summing up to assist understudies with exploring complex texts autonomously. A semi-trial configuration was utilized with 48 undergrad EFL understudies in a college establishment program. Members were separated into a trial bunch (EG), which got procedure-based guidance, and a benchmark group (CG), which followed conventional techniques. North of 12 weeks, the EG participated in organized perusing exercises consolidating system preparation, while the CG kept a guideline educational program. Information assortment included pre-and present tests on evaluate appreciation, intelligent diaries from the EG, and semi-organized interviews for subjective experiences. Quantitative examination showed a huge improvement in the EG's understanding scores, with a mean increment of 20%, contrasted with a peripheral 7% in the CG. Subjective discoveries showed improved understudy independence, with EG members exhibiting more prominent trust in moving toward understanding undertakings. Moves remembered troubles for applying systems to new or specialized texts, accentuating the requirement for consistent practice and backing. This study highlights the groundbreaking capability of technique-based perusing guidance in EFL settings. Incorporating mental and metacognitive systems into the educational plan can enable understudies to beat understanding troubles and become autonomous students, with suggestions for educational program advancement, educator preparation, and long-haul procedure use.
Copyright (c) 2025 Muhammad Javed Sajid https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
The Predicament of Proof in China’s Exclusionary Rule
According to the principle of the distribution of burden of proof, the logical premise that a court excludes illegally obtained evidence for prosecution is either a defense party can prove that a prosecution party has unlawful investigations, or the prosecution party fails to prove the legality of evidence collection. Although the illegal investigations have become a repeated phenomenon, because of the prosecution party’s selectivity of proof and the asymmetrical proof between prosecution and defense, an investigation regarding the legality of evidence for the prosecution initiated by the court often fall into the predicament of proof that the court fails to ascertain whether there are illegal investigations. Given that the defense party cannot directly prove the illegal investigations and is difficult to challenge the legality of evidence for the prosecution, it is impossible for the court to exclude illegally obtained evidence in the light of the defense party’s application.
the exclusionary rule; burden of proof; asymmetrical proof; the selectivity of proof
Copyright (c) 2025 Wang Chao, Yuan Tian https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
The Effects of Workshops on International Orientation and Self-Other Understanding: Attempts at CEFR A2 Level Classes in a Japanese Music College
This study evaluates the effectiveness of workshops within English classes for Japanese music college students. The objective is to enhance the international orientation of music students and to foster intercultural understanding, as well as self- and other-understanding. The participants were 42 second-year students classified as “false beginners” at the CEFR A2 level of English proficiency. These students had limited basic English abilities and little practical use experience, with a background of low motivation for learning English. The study, designed as an alternative to traditional English remedial education, involved eight workshop-based lessons over one year. The post-workshop survey revealed that students recognized the importance of the workshops, gained a deeper understanding of internationality, and improved their communication skills and self-other understanding. However, limitations of the study include its focus on a small group of music students, reliance on self-reported data, and the absence of long-term follow-up. These factors hinder the generalization of the results and assessment of long-term effects. Future improvements and effective implementation of workshop-based programs are anticipated to address these limitations.
workshop, international orientation, self-other understanding, English education
Copyright (c) 2024 Chiharu Nakanishi, Kazue Kawai https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Prosocial Behaviour Towards Victims of Road Accidents: Examining Personality, Gender and Traumatic Experience
As Ebonyi State develops into a city with the attendant population growth and increasing motor traffic, the category of residents that can form part of the road safety network should be of great concern. The study investigated the strengths of personality, gender and traumatic experience as predictors of prosocial behaviour among motorists in Abakaliki, Ebonyi State. One hundred and ninety-nine (199) road users in Abakaliki, Ebonyi State, participated in the study. Participants were randomly drawn using a convenient sampling technique in a cross-sectional survey design. The Big-Five Personality Inventory, the Trauma History Questionnaire (THQ), and the Self-Report Altruism Scale were used for data collection. Data analysis using the multiple regression analysis revealed that some dimensions of personality (extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, and openness to experience) were positively related to prosocial behaviour; gender was not significantly associated with prosocial behaviour and traumatic stress experience especially and positively predicted prosocial behaviour. The study observed that personality trait is the most significant predictor of prosocial behaviour toward road accident victims. Based on the theory of empathic altruism, we recommend aggressive and widespread education on road safety measures for all ages and establishing a civilian road safety network to complement the efforts of FRSC in Ebonyi State.
Copyright (c) 2024 Chiedozie Okechukwu Okafor, Gerald Raluchi Obeta, Onyedikachi Chinonyelum Nnamchi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Corporate Compliance Non-prosecution Reform in China: Who Should be the Target of Application?
Along with the widespread use of deferred prosecution agreements in criminal justice in several countries around the world, there is a new trend of deferring prosecution in corporate criminal cases for subjects who meet the conditions. In order to improve the modernization of enterprises and strengthen their ability to deal with criminal legal risks, China introduced a corporate compliance management system in 2007. In 20202, under the leadership of the Supreme People's Procuratorate, China began to explore the reform of "corporate compliance non-prosecution". In the reform of corporate compliance non-prosecution, "double non-prosecution" should be established in the context of China's corporate structure and judicial background. Since the responsibilities of the enterprise and the individual can be separated, compliance non-prosecution can be adopted for enterprises in large corporate criminal cases. Since the responsibilities of the enterprise and the entrepreneur are "combined into one," prosecutors can apply a non-prosecution after plea of guilty to the entrepreneur in micro and small enterprise criminal cases.
Key Word: Corporate Compliance, Non-prosecution Reform, Deferred Prosecution Agreements
Copyright (c) 2023 Yahong Wang https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Smallholder Tomato Production in Mwanza Region- A Technical Efficiency Analysis Approach.
This study measured technical efficiency and its determinants in maize production by small-scale producers in Mwanza region, using a stochastic frontier production function approach. A randomly selected sample of participants in the two districts was used. The Maximum Likelihood estimation procedure was followed to obtain the determinants of technical efficiency and technical efficiency levels of small-scale tomato producers. The minimum and maximum values of technical efficiency were between 20% and 91%, indicating that the least practices of specific producer operates at a minimum level of 20%, while the best practice producers operate at 91% technical efficiency level respectively. The summary results of the mean technical efficiency was 57%. The results indicate that farmers were not fully technically efficient with a mean technical efficiency score of 0.58. The study also revealed that most of the farmers irrespective of the size of the holdings have shown technical inefficiency problems. Experienced farmers were observed to have good measures of technical efficiency. The findings also indicated that significant variables of technical efficiency included household size, labour, fertilizer, seed, educational level, household size, farming experience, and access to extension services were statistically significant by positively impacted on producers’ technical efficiency in the study area.
Stochastic frontier analysis, tomato, Cobb-Douglas production function, technical efficiency, Mwanza.
Copyright (c) 2023 M. Kongolo, J. Tesha https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
The Role of Economic Empowerment Services at the Ministry of Social Development in Improving the Quality of Life for the Poor Palestinians in the Gaza Strip
The study aimed to identify the role of economic empowerment services at the Ministry of Social Development to improve the quality of life for poor families in the Gaza Strip in the objective dimension (economic, social and health) and in the subjective dimension (adjustment, family compatibility and community integration), where the study was applied to the development directorates of the Ministry of Social Development on a random sample Simple Consisting of (363)single, and the researcher used a questionnaire tool to reach the results of the study, The study reached a number of results, the most important of which are: The contribution of empowerment services to improving the economic, social and health quality of life for families was medium, ranging from 48% to 55.0%. The results of the study also showed that economic empowerment services contributed to achieving adaptation, Compatibility and family independence, in addition to community integration, all of which came in medium rates, ranging from 48% to 63%. In light of the previous results, the current study recommends increasing the expansion of successful small development projects to help heads of families To reduce poverty, as well as to follow up the mechanisms of coordination and cooperation between governmental bodies and private bodies interested in economic empowerment and the development of the functional and administrative apparatus
Copyright (c) 2023 Ahmed Mohamed Saeed Al-Arabid https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
The The Rise of Divorce Rate in Bangladesh: Excessive Dower is Major Cause among Muslim Wives Initiating Divorce
In order to constitute a valid marriage, the Muslim law requires that there should always be a consideration moving from the husband in favor of the wife for her sole and exclusive use and benefit. This consideration is called dower (Mahr). Dower is an essential requirement in Muslim marriage takes place. But there is no maximum limit of dower, when dower is fixing high, wife can realize the dower as it is.The present study intends to discover the practices of dower among women in Bangladesh. The main purpose of this study to probe whether excessive dower is leading to more wife-led divorce for quick economic gains.
Copyright (c) 2023 Silma Subah Chowdhury https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
A Critical Evaluation of Mobile Court Act 2009: How Mobile Court Demolishes Separation of Judiciary and Other Constitutional Principles of Bangladesh
Separation of power is a key for the independence of people. Though this principle has not been accepted by the framer of constitution of Bangladesh. Nevertheless separation of judiciary is adopted by the maker of constitution. Judiciary is a place to restore the claims of the people of a country. But it cannot make people happy if it is not independent. The principle of separation of judiciary has been violated by various approaches. One of them is Mobile court. Mobile court is a forum which goes to the threshold of public in order to give prompt relief. It has reversed the general rules of judicial system. Though this fact claims appreciation for delivering justice. But it has been criticized as it is conducted by executive. This paper shows how mobile court infringed article 22 of constitution. It also shows how other principle of constitution is violated. Finally it gives some suggestion for the improvement of the situation.
Copyright (c) 2023 Anwara Begum Tamanna https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Social and Psychological Problems of families of Children with Cerebral Palsy: A study applied to the Palestine Future Foundation in the Gaza Strip
The study aimed to identify the social and psychological problems facing the families of children with cerebral palsy, and the researcher used the social survey methodology by selecting a simple random sample of the families of children with cerebral palsy in the Palestine Future Foundation, and their number was (66) families, and the researcher relied on a questionnaire consisting of (18) questions, and the study concluded that the psychological problems came average with an arithmetic mean (2.29),The study also found that the highest psychological problems are the problem of frustration with an arithmetic average (2.36) represented in "I am no longer assured of the future of my child" and the least psychological problems are the problem of anxiety with an arithmetic average (2.22) represented in "my sleep has become disturbed" followed by social problems with an arithmetic average (2.19) where the highest social problems came the problem of spending leisure time with an arithmetic average (2.34) represented in I find it difficult to accompany my child in public places, then problems outside the family with an arithmetic average (2.12) and then problems within the family with an arithmetic average(2.11)The researcher recommends early professional intervention for the social and psychological problems facing the families of children with cerebral palsy through family therapy, solution-based therapy, and evidence-based cognitive-behavioral therapy in social work.
(social and psychological problems, the sufferers, children, cerebral palsy)
Copyright (c) 2023 Zyad Kerret https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
The Contribution of NGOs to Promoting the Social Belonging of Palestinian Youth: A Study Applied to Youth Institutions in the Gaza Strip
The current study aims to determine the level of contributions of non-governmental organizations in enhancing the social belonging of young people Palestinian, the researcher used the sample social survey method through an electronic questionnaire applied to (384) young people who benefited from the services of civil institutions, the study tool was applied in the time period 4/12/2021 to 5/17/2021The study concluded that the contribution of civil institutions to all indicators of the concept of belonging came at an average level, as the highest indicators of the contribution of institutions to strengthening belonging were increasing youth's sense of stability and security, linking private goals For youth with the goals of the Palestinian society in general, while the lowest indicators were the contributions of institutions in enhancing youth participation in social life, and developing the youth’s ability to carry out duties and responsibilities towards their society for Palestinian youth. Scientific status, average income) among Palestinian youth, and the study recommended educating young people about the importance of a holistic view of society, Encouraging voluntary collective action, interest in research and studies interested in identifying the factors that affect youth affiliation, networking between civil society institutions to improve the reality of youth, crystallizing a future vision for the role of civil institutions, according to developments and societal and international changes within which work can be done.
: civil institutions - social affiliation - youth.
Copyright (c) 2023 Ismail Mahmoud Al-Ruhal https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
The Growth Effect of External Debt in Nigeria: Does Structural Break Matters?
The volatility in crude oil price in the global market has continuously heightened fiscal deficits in Nigeria, a net exporter of crude oil. Consequently, successive governments have often resorted to external borrowing to augment the available fiscal revenue. This has implications for economic growth. Therefore, this study evaluated the growth effect of external debt and accounted for structural break in the external debt-growth nexus in Nigeria. Annual data spanning 1981-2020 were sourced from global databases and analysed using the dynamic ordinary least square (DOLS) estimator. The result showed that external debt has growth-inhibiting effects on the Nigerian economy and that structural break matter in the analysis of the growth effect of external debt in Nigeria. The results imply that Nigeria needs to lower its external debt due to the high cost of debt servicing that accompany such debt while also improving the revenue-generating ventures in the country.
External Debt, Economic Growth, Structural Breaks, DOLS, Nigeria
Copyright (c) 2023 Rasak Adetunji Adefabi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Covid-19 and E-wallet usage intention in Kyrgyzstan
The usage of electronic commerce has continued to expand since the Covid-19 pandemic began in developed and developing countries. However, the usage of electronic commerce in Central Asian countries is underresearched. This study aims to determine the factors that influence e-wallet usage intention in Kyrgyzstan. The theory of planned behaviour (TPB) is extended and adopted in developing the hypotheses. Using surveys, 319 questionnaires were collected from young and middle-aged adults in Kyrgyzstan. The findings show that attitude, subjective norm and perceived behavioral control has a positive relationship with intention to use e-wallets. It is also found that attitude and intention will be stronger if the perceived behavioral control is high. The findings suggest ways to enhance the use of e-wallets in in Kyrgyzstan.
Copyright (c) 2023 Wooi Keong Yong, Maizaitulaidawati Md. Husin, Nursultan Zhamgyrchiev https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
The Relationship Between Regulatory Requirements Reviews, Compliance Benefits and Costs: Evidence from Selected Commercial Banks in Tanzania
The Central Bank of Tanzania (BoT) has undergone various bank regulations reviews at different periods of time including 2008 and 2014 reviews. After the reviews some banks have shown low compliances, collapsed and merged while others have shown high compliances and greater performance. This study therefore, intended to assess how commercial banks in Tanzania benefits from complying with new regulatory requirements and to determine to what extent does compliance costs affects banks performance. The study employed an exploratory research design using the sample size of 24 commercial banks selected from Dar es Salaam headquarters; however, only 13 key informants were successfully reached. Primary data were collected from compliance and risk management managers using interview guide. Thematic analysis was used for data analysis and findings from the study show that most banks have well benefited with the new regulatory requirements in terms of increase in profit, expansion of more branches, ATMs and increase in number of customers. Considering the compliance costs; findings show that to some extent some new regulatory requirements reviews have increased operating costs to most banks. The study recommends that banks should carefully design strategies which will help them to control NPL, manage and increase more capital and liquidity requirements. To the regulator the study recommends that; BoT should think of reviewing liquidity requirements and cash reserve ratio which seem to be too high and costly for most banks to afford. The BoT can also introduce separate capital adequacy requirements as per bank size.
Keywords: Regulatory reviews, compliance benefits, compliance challenges, Commercial Banks.
Copyright (c) 2022 Safar Stephano Majondo, Lucas Mataba, Goodluck Mmari https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Out-of- Field Teaching: The Bane of Christian Religious Education in Senior High Schools
This study assessed the problem of out-of-field teaching in the Berekum Municipality of Ghana. The convergent parallel design premised on the mixed method approach was employed to collect data from 20 teachers who hold different degrees instead of Bachelor of Education in Religious Education and are teaching Christian Religious Studies in Senior High Schools in the Berekum Municipality. Questionnaire and observation protocols were used to gather data. The teachers were observed twice in their classrooms during delivery. Data was analysed through the computation of frequencies and percentages and narrative reporting of the field notes. Three areas were assessed namely their capacity to use appropriate instructional strategies, resources, as well as classroom management capabilities. It was found that teachers used teacher-cantered methods of teaching. Their teaching was dominated by the use of the lecture method. Most of the teachers narrated bible stories whiles students listen without any interactions. Teachers failed to use appropriate instructional resources in the classroom. Most of them used textbooks and bibles. Students were made to read bible verses turn by turn whiles teachers explain the concepts to them. Their classroom management was good. Teachers attempted to motivate their students to answer the few questions that were asked during the evaluation of the lessons. It is recommended that the Ghana Education Service should organise in-service training for the teachers to sharpen their skills in teaching. Teachers are encouraged to do teacher education programmes and teacher recruitment should be based on professional qualifications.
out-of-field, strategies, resources, management, and teaching
Copyright (c) 2022 Martin Owusu, Eric Mensah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Examining Emirati Youth Military Career Intentions with the Theory of Planned Behavior
This study examined Emirati youths’ intention to pursue a military career post-national service with a modified Theory of Planned Behavior model which assumes that the likelihood of performing a behavior is determined by the strength of intention to perform that behavior and intention is determined by attitude towards the behavior; subjective norms concerning the behavior; and self-efficacy. Interviews and surveys were conducted with 238 Emirati male youths and parents. It found that younger less educated youths were more interested in pursuing a military career; believing that it would lead to beneficial outcomes, than their older counterparts. Most parents approved of their sons pursuing a military career and the latter’s awareness of this opinion could increase the likelihood of youths taking up a military career. Finally, although younger less educated youths showed increased interest over time in pursuing a military career post-national service, they were more likely to change their mind about their career choice. In contrast, older and more educated youths were more resolute about their career intentions and more likely to carry out their decisions but most were not interested in a military career. The findings could be used to meet the human resource challenges faced by the UAE Armed Forces in recruiting Emirati military personnel.
Theory of Planned Behavior, youth career decision-making, military career, United Arab Emirates
Copyright (c) 2022 Hwee Ling Lim https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Analysis of Factors Affecting the Business Performance of Vietnam Commercial Banks
The world economy is entering a period of decline, inflation in the US and UK is at the highest level in 40 years. Commercial banks are under pressure to raise deposit rates and ensure business results. This article aims to analyze the factors affecting the operation of commercial banks. The purpose of this study is to determine the overall factors affecting the business activities of commercial banks. Based on this theory, the author mentions a number of solutions to enhance the operational efficiency of Vietnamese commercial banks. These solutions contribute to policy suggestions for the State Bank of Vietnam and the Economic Committee of the National Assembly to issue appropriate policies to help Vietnam's economy grow, contributing to escaping the middle-income trap flask.
Commercial Banks (CB), Business Efficiency (BE), Business Results (BR), State Bank (SB);
Copyright (c) 2022 Nguyen Thanh Cong, Vu Ngoc Xuan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
The Students’ Perception of Teaching English Paragraph Writing Based on Problem-Based Learning Method
This research is to find out the students’ perceptions of teaching English paragraph writing based on Problem-based learning method. The researcher applied descriptive qualitative research. This research was conducted in English Education Department, Faculty of Education and Teacher Training of Muhammadiyah University of Makassar. The subject of the research were fourth semester students in academic year of 2018/2019. The instruments of this research were a questionnaire to find out the student’s perception. The result of this research found that the students’ perception of English Paragraph Writing materials based on Problem-based Learning was positive.
Perception, Paragraph Writing, Problem-Based Learning (PBL)
Copyright (c) 2022 farisha andi baso https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Management of Health and Welfare Facilities and Nursing Staff Job Satisfaction. Case Study of the General Hospital of St. Dimitrios
Introduction: Job satisfaction is defined by the overall feeling, that employees feel, as well as their personal feelings regarding their salary, the opportunities for promotion, the extra rewards, their boss and colleagues, the nature of the work produced, the working conditions and the level of communication between the different parts in the organization. Purpose: To investigate the professional satisfaction of nurses, which will help to document the influence of hospital organization and management on their satisfaction and show ways of improving it. Material and method: A sample of 152 nurses of the General Hospital “Agios Dimitrios” was selected. The study was conducted using Paul Spector's JSS (Job Satisfaction Survey) questionnaire, which has been used widely and globally for several decades to measure job satisfaction. The SPSS statistical software was used for statistical analysis and processing of the results. Results: 200 questionnaires were distributed, 155 were correctly returned completed. Most participants consisted of married women, 45-54 years old, TEI graduates, as nurses, having 11-20 years of experience, working shifts, paid 1000-1500 €. Low overall job satisfaction was documented regarding salary, promotion, benefits, potential rewards and communication, on the other hand operating conditions factors, associates and nature of work is moderate and the supervisory factor high. The majority of nurses (82 persons, 53.9%) were dissatisfied and only 6 persons (3.9%) were satisfied and the remaining 64 (42.1%) were neutral / moderate, which contributed to the overall low satisfaction. Satisfaction was influenced by responsibility, salary, shifts and work experience. Conclusions: The results depict the multilevel nature of job satisfaction as it depends on many factors and may be influenced by many characteristics of the employees. Key words: JSS Questionnaire, job satisfaction, nursing management, health system.
JSS Questionnaire, job satisfaction, nursing management, health system.
Copyright (c) 2023 Chysi Papadeli, Adamantia Filippou, Evdoxia Tselekidou, Chaidemenos Ioannis, Agisilaos Krachtis https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
The Importance of Culture Influence NGOs in China
NGOs in China nowadays have been changed so much since 1980s, especially after the government’s foreign trade policy and open-up policy. However, the natures of NGOs in China are still different from the ones in western countries. This paper discovers the how those does the challenge of culture conflict plays an important part when western organizations try to help building the relationship with local government and communities and help the growth of NGOs in China.
Copyright (c) 2022 Sarah Min https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Between Tolerance and Exclusionism: Urban Iranian Youth’s Attitudes towards Race and Religion
Although the resurgence of race and religiosity among Iranians predates the past millennium, it was not until beginning of twentieth century that both religion and race entered the public discourse, gradually becoming the key constituents of Iranian identity. The emergence of the non-conformist young generation in early 1990s, however, raises important questions about the critical role of race and religion in shaping Iranian youth’s identities. With a specific attention to the most mature (25-29 years old) segment of the middle-class residents of Tehran, and through conducting a series of focus groups, this study explores how these individuals imagine their selves vis-à-vis the others in relation to race and religion. The findings ultimately point to the participants’ oscillation between tolerance and exclusionism towards other races and religions as a way to disentangle the complexities of their identities.
Iranian identity, race, religion, youth, focus groups
Copyright (c) 2022 Alireza Azeri Matin https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Teachers’ Perception in Implementing Communicative Language Teaching (CLT) at Maritime English Class
The objectives of this research were to find out the Teachers‟ perception in implementing communicative language teaching (CLT) at Maritime English class. This research applied qualitative description. The population were the teachers at Polytechnic Maritime Barombong. The respondent consisted of 14 teachers. The research data were collected by questionnaire and analyzed by using goggle form to see the teachers‟ perception about the implementation of Communicative Language Teaching at Maritime English class. The results of the research was: the teachers‟ perception in implementing communicative language teaching (CLT) at Maritime English class result which disclosed familiar and understand communicative language teaching (CLT). They also believed that Communicative language teaching (CLT) can improve the students communicative competence. The Teachers‟ perception in implementing communicative language teaching (CLT) at Maritime English class the researcher conclude that overall the teachers satisfy with communicative language teaching (CLT).
CLT, teachers’ perception, implementing communicative
Copyright (c) 2022 Nursyam, Basri Jafar, Iskandar , Sulaiman https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Application and Innovation of Electronic Monitoring in Chinese Criminal Justice
In the field of criminal justice, electronic monitoring technology has experienced the development of four generations of technology: fixed telephone, radio frequency tag, Global Positioning System, and biometrics. Today, Chinese criminal justice practice adopts a monitoring method based on cell phone positioning, supplemented by electronic anklets. The "Non-custodial Code monitoring system " is an innovative achievement of Hangzhou, China's judicial personnel on electronic monitoring, which has achieved good practical results and will be promoted nationwide. As an effective criminal measure, electronic monitoring reduces the number of detainees in prison, eases the supervision pressure on judicial personnel, reduces financial expenditures, and helps criminals rejoin society. Due to the lack of detailed legal provisions, the application of electronic monitoring in practice lacks specificity, and there is the possibility of violating the privacy of citizens. So electronic monitoring in China's criminal justice presents such a situation. On the one hand, the law clearly states that electronic monitoring can be applied only during the community correctional stage and the period of residential confinement. On the other hand, judicial officers actively try to apply electronic monitoring to the bail process. It is foreseeable that electronic monitoring will be widely promoted in the process of China's criminal justice reform. This process should adhere to the principles of legality, necessity, and judicial review.
Electronic Monitoring; Community Correctional; Residential Confinement; Chinese Criminal Justice
Copyright (c) 2022 Wang Chao, Wang Yahong https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
The Impact of Economic Crisis on Health of Greek Population and National Health System
PURPOSE: In this paper, we investigate the impact of the economic crisis on Greece's National Health System and population health. Also included is a critical assessment of the health policies implemented, as compared with other countries, and positive proposals. ΜETHODS: We used data from international, European, and Greek databases to conduct a literature review and to compile statistics. RESULTS: Greece spent less on health in 2012 than it did in 2007, as money from the health sector was used for another spending. During the period 2010-2015, both the Physical Health Index and the Mental Health Index showed a significant decline. Policy planning for health financing has become increasingly important since the crisis. In some countries, targeted policies are being implemented to protect the poor and avoid adverse employment effects. CONCLUSIONS: A time of financial crisis tends to require more, not less, resources for health systems to meet the greater need for health care and increase reliance on publicly funded services. During the financial crisis, fiscal and health policies differed between countries, reflecting policy decisions. In achieving fiscal balance, it is important not to sacrifice financial protection, access, efficiency, quality, health outcomes, or equality.
Economic crisis, Health crisis, Greece, Health system
Copyright (c) 2022 Chrysi Papadeli, Adamantia Filippou, Αgisilaos Krachtis, Dimitrios Korsavvidis, Ioannis Papadelis https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Workplace Violence (Mobbing) the Example of A Hospital in Greece during the Economic Crisis
Aim: During the last decade various efforts have been made to investigate and record the "mobbing syndrome" in Greece. The present study aims to map the rates of mobbing, to determine the causes, to highlight the vulnerable groups to mobbing, to describe its expression, and to document the ways of dealing with it. Material and method: The study used the LIPT (Leymann Inventory of Psychological Terrorization) questionnaire, which has been widely used to measure mobbing. The SPSS statistical program was used for statistical analysis and processing of the results. Results: Out of a total of 150 questionnaires, 91 were returned correctly completed. The majority of the participants were women, mainly aged 41-45 years, graduates of universities/universities of applied sciences, married, with more than 21 years of experience. The mobbing rate recorded was 16.48%. The most frequent mobbing behavior is the statement " they often talk behind your back" 31.9%, at least once a month 30% and 79% still experience mobbing behaviors to date. Mobbing of others has been observed in 45.1%. Mobbing comes from someone higher up the hierarchy in 34.1% and is attributed to the poor organization in 27.5% and management problems in 34.1%. To deal with the phenomenon they primarily turned to colleagues 29.7%. Conclusions: This study was an attempt to investigate and document the "mobbing syndrome" among nurses in a public hospital. The results demonstrate that mobbing behaviors are practiced in the workplace and experienced by about half of the survey population and a large proportion still experience them today.
Ethical and psychological harassment, Mobbing, Workplace harassment, LIPT Questionnaire.
Copyright (c) 2022 Chrysi Papadeli, Adamantia Filippou, Ioannis Haidemenos, Eydoksia Tsilakidou, Agisilaos Krachtis https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0