Ground Water Quality Evaluation using WQI and GIS Technique in the Al-Samawa City -Iraq

Authors

  • Thair Sharif Khayyun Environmental Research Center University of Technology Baghdad
  • Ayad H. Mseer
  • Moayad M. Ismaeel

Keywords:

Samawa City, Groundwater Quality, Wells, WQI and GIS.

Abstract

Ground water quality evaluation is the first step toward a good management of water resources to limit impacts on irrigation and drinking water. The objective of this study is to propose a technique to assess the groundwater quality and to generate a spatial variation map in terms of suitability for irrigation and drinking water in Al-Samawa city-Iraq. Groundwater samples were collected from 45 wells at different locations during (2013). The physical and chemical parameters such as pH, Electrical Conductivity (EC), Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), K+, Na+, Mg2+, Ca2+, Cl1- , SO42-, HCO3- , NO3- have been analyzed to determine geological and non-geological source of contamination. The results were evaluated in detail and compared with WHO guidelines for irrigation water (2004) and drinking water standard by Iraqi and WHO (2011).Overall chemical analytical study using Sodium Adsorption Ratio (SAR) and Sodium percentage (Na%) values reveals that 93% of the ground water samples fall into the unsuitable for drinking and irrigation purposes when SAR is used and 86.6 % of samples fall into the permissible when Sodium percentage (Na%) is used. The most effective way to describe the quality of water is Water Quality Index (WQI). Correlation matrix for the studied parameters and (WQI) are significantly correlated among each other and for the most 11 parameters (high correlation coefficients). There is no relation between (WQI) and the parameters (pH, K and NO3) .The results demonstrate that seven water tests fall into the poor WQI. A large portion of the specimens (28) fall into the extremely poor water WQI class. Ten samples fall into the unsuitable WQI classification. TDS and SO4 were highly interrelated with WQI. The coefficients of determination were 0.90 and 0.94 respectively. The parameters NO3 and PH have a minimum negative correlation with WQI. Multiple linear regression equation correlating the highly interrelated parameters (TDS and SO4) and WQI are simulated with (R2 =0.952).MLR equation is very important in prediction the future WQI with knowing of some parameters like the TDS which is an important physicochemical parameter of drinking water quality. The present investigation exhibits high effectiveness for GIS to analyze complex spatial information and groundwater quality mapping. It shows higher concentration of groundwater salts in northeastern part of the study area. The overall ground water quality is not suitable for drinking water and irrigation water. It may be used for drinking after treatment process. It is currently so easier for a decision maker to evaluate the water quality for irrigation, drinking water, to find the most appropriate site for drilling wells and to provide a guideline for solving water quality problem in Al-Samawa city.

References

Ayers, R.S. and Westcot , D.W. (1985),†Water Quality for Agricultural “,FAO Irrigation and Drainage Paper, No. 29, Rev.1, U.N. Food and Agriculture Organization.

Chandu, S.N. and Subbarao, N.V. (1995),â€Suitability of Groundwater for Domestic and Irrigation Purposes in some Parts of Jhansi Districtâ€, U.P. Bhujal Newa, 10(1), pp. 12-17.

Dhok, R.P. (2011),â€Assessment of Groundwater Quality Status by Using Water Quality Index†. Water Research Development, Vol.1, No.2 and 3, pp.72-78.

EPA (2011),†Drinking Water Standardand Health Advisoriesâ€, U.S.E.P.A.

Gopal K. (2016),†Assessment of Groundwater Quality for Drinking Purpose by Using Water Quality Index (WQI) in Muzaffarnagar and Shamli Districts, Uttar Pradesh, Indiaâ€, Hydrology : Current research.

Hemant P.(2011),â€Assessment ofPhysico-Chemical Quality of Groundwater by Multivariate Analysis in some Populated Villages near by Sagar City, MP, Indiaâ€, Environmental and Analytical Toxicology.

Krishna Kumar,S. (2013),â€Hydrogeochemistry and Groundwater Quality Appraisal of Part of South Chennia Coastal Aquifers- India Using WQI and Fuzzy Logic Methodâ€, Appl. Water Sci.

Ministry of Water Resources (2013),â€Equipotential lines of Groundwater for Iraq (Contour lines)â€.Water Resources Management.

Ministry of Water Resources –General Directorate of Groundwater,(2013)â€Data of Groundwater Quality of Wellsâ€.

Ministry of water Resources (2013)â€Soil Map of the Muthann Governorate Landâ€.

Mohammed, M.N. (2011),â€Quality Assessment of Tigris River by using Water Quality Index for Irrigation Purpose “, European Journal of Scientific Research,Vol.(5),pp.741-751.

Nishanthiny, S.C. (2010)â€Irrigation Water Quality Based on Hydro-Chemical Analysis, Jaffna, Srilankaâ€, American-Eurasian ,J. Agric. and Environ.,100-102.

Patil.V.T.andPatil P.R. (2013),â€Groundwater Quality Status Using Water Quality Index in Amalner Town, Maharashraâ€, Journal of Chemical and Phermaceutical Research, 15(5):67- 71.

Ramakrishniah , C.R.(2009),â€Assessment of Water Quality Index for the Groundwater in Tumkurtalukâ€, Journal of Chemistry,6(2),pp 523- 530.

Rasul, M. K. and Waged,H. H. (2013),â€Evaluation of Irrigation Water Quality Index (IWQI) for Al- Danmsem Confined Aquifer in the West and Southwest Of Karbala City-Iraqâ€, International Academy of Science , Engineering and Technology.

UN-ESCWA (2013) “Neogene Aquifer System (South-East) Dibdibbaâ€, Chapter 26, Delta Basin –Kuwait.

World Health Organization,(1997),†Guidelines for 22. Drinking Water Quality: Health Criteria and Other Supporting Information, 2nd edition, Vol.2. WHO, Geneva, Switzerland .

World Health Organization (2004),†Guidelines for Drinking Water Qualityâ€, Vol. 1, Recommendations (3rd). Geneva: WHO.

World Health Organization (2012),†Guidelines for Drinking Water Qualityâ€, Fourth Edition, ISBN 97892415480.

Yogendra K. and Puttaiah, E.T. (2008),â€Determination of Water Quality Index And Suitability of an Urban Water Body in Shimoga Town, Karnatakaâ€, Proceedings of Taal , the 12th World LakeConference,342-346.

Downloads

Published

2017-08-18

How to Cite

Khayyun, T. S., Mseer, A. H., & Ismaeel, M. M. (2017). Ground Water Quality Evaluation using WQI and GIS Technique in the Al-Samawa City -Iraq. Asian Journal of Engineering and Technology, 5(4). Retrieved from https://ajouronline.com/index.php/AJET/article/view/4867

Issue

Section

Articles