@article{Wang_Chang_Yang_2014, title={The Effect of Text-tracking Design on 4<sup>th</sup> Graders’ Reading of e-Books}, volume={2}, url={https://ajouronline.com/index.php/AJEEL/article/view/1863}, abstractNote={&lt;p class=&quot;CM6&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;This study examined the impact of e-book text-tracking design on 4&lt;/span&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;span&gt;th&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;span&gt;graders’ (ten-year-old children’s) learning of &lt;em&gt;six major classes of nutrients&lt;/em&gt;. The e-books used in this study were created with Adobe Flash CS 5.5 and Action Script 3.0. This study was guided by two main questions: 1) Is there any difference in learning achievement (&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;recall and transfer&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;) between groups with different e-book text-tracking designs? 2) Is there any difference in learning motivation (attention, confidence&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt; and&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt; relevance) between groups with different e-book text-tracking designs? This study was an experimental design where the independent variable was text-tracking design for e-books: one was word-based tracking and the other was line-based tracking. A sample of &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;thirty&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt; 4&lt;/span&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;span&gt;th&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;span&gt;graders participated in the study and participants were randomly assigned into these two groups. They were asked to do a pre-test first, and then they read their assigned e-books for &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;twenty&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt; minutes. After they finished reading, they were given a post-test and motivation survey. The result&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;s&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt; showed that students in the line-based tracking design group performed better in &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;recall scores and confidence&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;. This study hoped to contribute to e-book design principles for young learners and serve as a reference for elementary school teachers and e-book publishers. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;}, number={5}, journal={Asian Journal of Education and e-Learning}, author={Wang, Pei-Yu and Chang, Hui-Wen and Yang, Feng-Jung}, year={2014}, month={Oct.} }