Asian Journal of Business and Management
Asian Journal of Business and Management (AJBM) ISSN (Online): 2321-2802
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Impact of Application of Governance Principles and Performance Management System on the Organization Performance: Study on Saudi Healthcare System
This study investigates the impact of integrating governance structure and performance management systems on the organization performance in Saudi Arabia’s healthcare sector. The research employs a causal investigative approach, grounded in agency theory, resource-dependency theory, and balanced scorecard principles, to explore how these systems enhance decision-making, accountability, and resource utilization. Primary data were collected through cross-sectional surveys targeting healthcare professionals across key regions in Saudi Arabia, supplemented by comprehensive literature reviews. The findings reveal a significant positive relationship between governance structures, performance management systems and organizational performance, with employee engagement and commitment as key mediators. With moderators such as organizational size and compliance with local regulations significantly influence this relationship. This integration fosters operational transparency, enhances patient satisfaction, and improves adaptability to the evolving Saudi healthcare market. It will have clear academic contribution as it addresses a significant gap in the existing literature concerning the integration of performance management and organizational governance systems within Saudi Arabia’s healthcare sector. In addition, it will provide Practical Implications as this study focuses on specific challenges and gaps in integrating governance and performance management systems. It provides actionable recommendations which will promote accountability, transparency, and efficient resource allocation. By leveraging digital tools like Hospital Information Systems, these systems enable real-time performance tracking and data-driven decision-making. The study will act as supportive tool to healthcare leaders and policymakers to cultivate a culture of performance excellence, optimize resource allocation, and achieve sustainable strategic objectives which will reflect on improving patient outcomes which will be aligned with the Saudi Arabia’s Vision 2030.
Effectiveness, Corporate Governance, Performance and Private Companies
Copyright (c) 2025 Asian Journal of Business and Management http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0
Mediating Effect of Customer Satisfaction on the Relationship between Service Quality and Restaurant Environment Towards Revisit Intention: A Conceptual Paper
The global fast-food industry continues to grow rapidly, driven by evolving consumer preferences and heightened competition. Ensuring customer satisfaction is essential for long-term success, as satisfied customers are more likely to remain loyal, recommend the restaurant, and revisit. This conceptual paper investigates how customer satisfaction mediates the relationship between service quality and restaurant environment in influencing revisit intentions at fast-food outlets in Malaysia’s Klang Valley. Using the DINESERV framework, this study conceptually explains the interplay among these constructs and highlights their implications for enhancing customer loyalty and operational excellence in the fast-food industry.
User Experience Factors Influencing Customer Loyalty of Mobile Food Delivery Apps in Klang Valley: A Conceptual Paper
This conceptual paper explores the user experience factors influencing customer loyalty in the mobile food delivery apps (MFDA) industry in Klang Valley, Malaysia, with a particular focus on customer satisfaction as a mediating factor. Using the TAM and M-S-Qual models, the research examines key user experience factors — perceived ease-of-use, perceived usefulness, and mobile service quality on users attitudinal and behavioral loyalty. It highlights the gaps between users’ unmet expectations and the challenges of retaining customers. By offering insights for user experience designers and industry stakeholders, it contributes to the development of user experience strategies that facilitate the overall usage experience and MFDA competitiveness.
Food Delivery Apps, User Experience, TAM, M-S-QUAL, Customer Loyalty
The Factors Influencing Users’ Adoption of Industry 4.0 in China’s Manufacturing Industry: A Conceptual Paper
This conceptual paper explores the factors influencing the users’ adoption of Industry 4.0 technologies in the manufacturing industry in Jiangsu Province, China, with a particular focus on government intervention as a mediating factor. Using the UTAUT and TTF models, the research examines key internal factors—performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence and facilitating conditions—alongside external factor such as technology compatibility. It would highlight gaps between policy initiatives and practical adoption challenges, investigating the role of financial incentives, regulations, and training programs in accelerating technological transformation. By offering insights for policymakers and industry stakeholders, it contributes to the development of targeted strategies that facilitate Industry 4.0 adoption and enhance China’s manufacturing competitiveness.
Contemporary Methods in Strategic Planning for the Development of Premium International Consumer Brands with High Added Value
This article explores contemporary strategic planning methods for developing premium international consumer brands with high added value. The primary objective is to outline key planning stages, focusing on strategic positioning, business insights, and environmental analysis. The study establishes a framework to help international organizations achieve sustainable growth and maximize their premium brands' potential in diverse markets. The findings highlight that effective strategic planning, complemented by continuous evaluation, is crucial for long-term success in a competitive global environment.
strategic planning, premium consumer brands, international markets, business development
Model Selection for the Reliability of a Machine
Model selection is an important factor in the non-homogeneous poisson process used to determine the reliability of a machine. In this article, the most commonly used power law model and log-linear model in the non-homogeneous poisson process are compared. For the reliability of a bank's ATM machine, the reliability values and expected failure numbers were calculated according to both models by using the times between failures. The obtained values were compared and it was decided which model was the better choice.
Distribution, maximum likelihood method, log-linear model, non-homogeneous poisson process, power law model.
The Strategy Formulation to Confine the Escalating Wage Bill: A Case of Limpopo Provincial Government
Many African countries face difficult choices in managing the size of their public sector wage bill, which poses an acute threat to fiscal and macro-economic stability. The wage bill accounts for a growing share of government expenditures across Southern Africa and threatens to stifle the government's normal operations. The high public sector wage bill compromises service delivery because a substantial amount is committed to employees' salaries and benefits. Governments need to restrain the rising public sector wage personnel expenditure while at the same time taking into account the government's significant priorities as far as development is concerned. Most countries worldwide that struggle to compete effectively in the global economy review their compensation practices to return to fiscal balance. The proper control over the public purse is fundamental to any responsible government. This includes all spheres of government such as National, Provincial and Local Government. Government departments must focus on delivering quality public services by effectively managing their wage bill through adequate fiscal planning and employment flexibility. In addition, with the rise of technological innovation, governments need to relook at the size of public service and alternative service delivery approaches that will drastically lower the wage bill without hampering the provisioning of services. The paper aims to formulate a strategy to confine the government's escalating wage bill by strengthening resource planning, estimating, costing, budgeting, and controlling personnel expenditure. The setting for this study is Limpopo Province in South Africa. Empirical data were collected by administering semi-structured interviews, and the gathered data were thematically presented and analyzed.
wage bill, government, employees' salaries, expenditure, budget, public sector and service delivery
Forensic Accounting: The Intersection of Law and Accounting
Forensic accounting plays a crucial role in legal proceedings, particularly in cases of financial crime and complex financial transactions. Forensic accountants work alongside legal professionals to investigate financial misconduct, provide expert opinions and testimony, and assist in settlement negotiations and dispute resolution processes. With the increasing complexity of financial transactions and the rise of financial crime, forensic accounting is becoming more important in the legal field. Forensic accountants can also assist in due diligence investigations, bankruptcy proceedings, and the assessment of damages and financial risk. By providing valuable information and analysis, forensic accountants help legal professionals build stronger cases and improve the integrity of financial reporting. Forensic accounting can assist legal professionals in various areas such as fraud investigations, business valuation, intellectual property disputes, breach of contract and shareholder disputes. They can also assist in bankruptcy and insolvency proceedings, assess damages and analyze financial records and transactions to uncover potential evidence.
Out of Red Ocean and Soaring into Blue Ocean: The Wii U Nintendo Selling Strategy in Gaming Industry
Since the release of its home console, the "Wii," Nintendo had fought mostly successfully off the competition in the gaming market by using a blue ocean strategy. The blue ocean strategy is the idea to create new market space with no or minimal competition through differentiation, low cost, and innovation. It is the idea to not compete against the competition but to create new demand and make the competition irrelevant instead. Nintendo's first step in pursuing the blue ocean strategy was to get out of the Red Ocean, to create demand where there was none before, and making to competition primarily irrelevant. To do this, Nintendo needed to disrupt the market. This study intends to analyze Nintendo's journey from the Nintendo Wii's success to the less successful Nintendo Wii U, to its hybrid console Nintendo Switch's current triumph from the point of view of the blue ocean strategy. How it made innovative ideas, social gaming, health, and the simple but most important factor of gaming fun, its primary goal, often going against mainstream ideas, reinventing itself but still staying loyal to its core customers. These factors, a significant software catalog with a broad spectrum of available games, and targeting casual gamers contributed to Nintendo's success that brought it back to the gaming industry's top.
Copyright (c) 2023 Asian Journal of Business and Management http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0
Minor Forest Produce Gathering & Sustainability of Tribal Livelihood Assets –Challenges and Issues in Kerala
This paper presentation is an attempt to understand the challenges and issues in protecting livelihood assets in relation to forest gathering of tribal communities in Kerala. The concept of protection of livelihood assets is one of the core concept of livelihood recovery processes necessitated basically in the event of calamities and other adverse events. The guidance note published by the UNDP on recovery processes is a detailed document on this topic. Forest gathering in Kerala is slowly dying out and is in a stage warranting immediate intervention for revival as if it is affected by adverse events. This study is therefore concentrated on identifying the livelihood assets based on Sustainable Livelihood Framework (SLF), which is a tool developed based on Sustainable Livelihood Approach (SLA) formulated by Chambers & Conway, in 1991. The assets thus identified, in the broad classes of Human, Social, Natural Physical and Financial assets, are Skilled Human resources, Aboriginal Knowledge and Gathering Skills, Tribal Cooperatives and other self-help groups, Forest resources, Forest Dwelling Rights, other related Infrastructure Facilities and Cash Assistances. Each of this assets are discussed primarily based on hands-on experience and exposure of the paper presenter as an official associated with the operations of tribal cooperative sector in Kerala for a period of 5 years and wherever necessary historical data, related literatures and governmental reports are relied. Based on the discussions, reviews, and analysis of data, this paper put forth its findings and conclusions to the intended audience for necessary remedial steps and future studies.
Minor Forest Produces – Tribals– Sustainable Livelihood – Forest Gathering - Tribal Cooperatives
Dining Preferences of Mall-Goers in Bohol
The study is to assess the level of preference in dining establishments of mall-goers in Bohol. Specifically, the study sought to answer the respondent’s profile in terms of the age, gender, nationality and income. Moreover, the perceived level of preference of mall-goers and problems encountered during their dining experience, the significant relationship and difference between their profiles and level of preference were assessed. In the views thereof, the study would propose a program to retain customer satisfaction and loyalty in the service offered by establishment. This study utilized descriptive-correlational method of research using a survey questionnaire to determine the level of preference of customer in dining establishments. The sample size was 50 mall-goers using purposive sampling. The locale of the survey was in Tagbilaran City as a hub of commerce and lone city of the province of Bohol where we can find the Island City Mall. The survey used a researcher made survey questionnaire which was composed of three parts: profile, level of preference of mall-goers in terms of food variation and taste, service personnel, price and ambience based on the Likert rating scale. Treatment of data were done using frequency count and per cent distribution; weighted mean and ranking; regression; and one-way ANOVA. Results showed that most of the respondents were young adults with ages below 20 years old, mostly were females and Asian with below P10, 000.00 income. Furthermore, it showed that customers have problems with the staffs because of their slow and not good service. This amplified the hypothesis that there is a significant relationship between the respondent’s profiles in terms of age, gender, and nationality with their level of preference, and there is a significant difference between the respondent’s profile in terms of income and their level of preference. It was concluded that respondents highly preferred all of the attributes in a dining establishment in terms of food variation and taste, service personnel, price, and ambience. Finally, with the findings of the study, it was recommended that management should conduct seminars and trainings for job enrichment, motivational patterns and goal consciousness for food and drink provision.
Change Management and Problems for Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) Continuation Programs in an Oil and Gas Company
This case study examines the business of an oil and gas company, EMP, in a time of crisis: the management had to downsize operations to survive in an unpredictable situation. The management was implementing new internal policies that would have an impact on its corporate social responsibility (CSR) programs. However, the rules and beliefs of the institutional environment have the potential to influence the management change process at EMP. Aside from external rules and beliefs, the persistence of the social service ethos within the company, inherited from the past, explains the lack of management changes. An explanatory case study approach was adopted, mostly consisting of semi-structured interviews and document analysis. The research strategy borrows the institutional logic approach based on situational reasons for variation in organizational practices, which determine how multiple logics are addressed. In essence, EMP must resolve the tension between production demands and CSR efforts. As a result, management reform occurs in a research setting where social programs and production goals coexist. Keywords: Oil crisis, Oil and Gas Company, CSR, Case Study, Change Management. JEL Classification: L2, M41, R11
Copyright (c) 2022 Asian Journal of Business and Management http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0
A Study on Experiential Motivation Customer Satisfaction and Re-rent Intention of the Sharing Economy Users
From the experience and opinions of YouBike users, this study aims to investigate their experiential motivation, customer satisfaction and re-rent intention. The purposes of the study includes: (a) explore the actual use situation of YouBike in Taiwan colleges; (b) understand the correlation between experiential motivation, customer satisfaction and re-rent intention of YouBike users in Taiwan colleges; (c) understand whether there is a significant influence on experiential motivation, customer satisfaction and re-rent intention of YouBike users in Taiwan colleges. In this study, the questionnaire survey was conducted. The objects were YouBike users on campus in Taiwan. Descriptive analysis, Independent-Sample t test, and Regression Analysis were used as the statistical analysis. All the results were analyzed by SPSS statistical software. The results show that: The majority of YouBike users are the students with regular exercise habits (around one to two times a week); most college students rent YouBike less than 4 times a month and they usually spend less than 4 hours riding YouBike as short-distance transportation. At last, the regression analysis was implemented and revealed that there is a significant correlation between experiential motivation, customer satisfaction, and re-rent intention. Therefore, the better the degree of satisfaction after riding the bike, the more re-rent intention is. At the end, recommendations were made for future improvements.
sharing economy, experiential motivation, customer satisfaction, re-rent intention
Factors Affecting the Business Performance of the Companies: Evidence from Vietnam Listed Banks
The study was meant to investigate factors affecting the business performance at Vietnam listed joint stock commercial banks. The study aimed at finding out how clientele, source of funds, leadership and promotional strategies, government regulations, macroeconomics factors influenced the business performance of Vietnam listed commercial banks. The study adapted a descriptive research design as a major method of research where questionnaires were used to collect data from a sample of Vietnam listed joint stock commercial banks. Data collection was both primary and secondary data. Primary data was collected using questionnaires distributed to the banks’ employees. They were designed to obtain broad range of answers from respondents which were used to answer the research questions. They comprised of close ended questions and secondary data was gathered from previous studies and annual reports of banks. Descriptive statistics was used to analyze data and the statistical package for social sciences (SPSS 21.0) and advanced Excel were used. Reports were tabulated using frequency tables for clarity. The results established the relationship between business performance as a dependent variable and the independent variables including clientele, and source of funds, promotional strategies and leadership. The study findings showed a great influence of funds and clientele on the performance of commercial banks, followed by promotional strategies. Leadership was found to have less influence on performance of the bank. The study suggests to the financial sector players to maintain a sufficient clientele base and embrace healthy competition. The findings should draw the attention of scholars, the government and the private sector to help in ensuring economic stability of this country as banking is a major sector of the economy.
Business Performance (BP), Enterprises (ES), Small and Medium Sized Enterprises (SMES); Vietnam Listed Banks (VLB);
Service Encounters and Guests Patronage of Hotels
In service oriented businesses, interactions between service providers and customers are inevitable. These interactions create impressions in the minds of the parties which to some extent define patronage outcome. For a meaningful outcome, an understanding of the creators of satisfactory patronage is germane. This study investigates the influence of customers’ encounters in defining the outcome of hotel patronage. This study adopted a cross-sectional design using a structured questionnaire survey of guests of 3 star and above rated hotels in Yenagoa, Bayelsa state Nigeria .Four hundred copies of questionnaire were distributed in ten strategically selected hotels, and 290 copies were found useful. This represents about 73% response rate . The SPSS 23.0 statistical software package were used for data analysis. Multiple regression analysis and Pearson correlation was employed to test the formulated hypotheses at 5% significance level. This study reports that youth are in majority of hotel patrons. Empirical analysis further reveals that all the dimensions of service encounters reports a significant relationship with word- of- mouth recommendations. Furthermore, the regression analysis reveals that peace of mind, moment of truth, outcome focus and product experience could explain about 53% variation in patronage outcome. The paper conclude that all the dimensions of customer experience has a significant influence on word- of- mouth recommendations of guests. This paper recommend among others things the training and retraining of service personnel. This training should equip frontline employees with the requisite skills that would enable them create and manage pleasurable experiences.
Customers Experience, Patronage Outcome. Hotels, Service Touch Points, Yenagoa
Competitive Advantage as a Mediation of Competence and Entrepreneurial Orientation in Business Success: An Empirical Evidence from Indonesia
Small entrepreneurs must consider several aspects in achieving business success, including entrepreneurial competence, entrepreneurial orientation, and competitive advantage. This study aims to predict the effect of competence and entrepreneurial orientation on competitive advantage and its impact on small business success. This research is survey research with a quantitative approach. Data were collected using a questionnaire to 134 small entrepreneurs Emping Melinjo in the Selayar Islands Regency, South Sulawesi, Indonesia. The study results show that competence and entrepreneurial orientation have a positive and significant impact on business success. In addition, the competitive advantage variable mediates the influence between competence and entrepreneurial orientation with business success. This study contributes significantly to the existing literature on entrepreneurial competence, entrepreneurial orientation, competitive advantage, and business success, especially in explaining the performance of small businesses in Indonesia.
Busines Success, Entrepreneurial Competence, Entrepreneural Orientation, Competitive Advantage.
Factors that Influence Entrepreneurship Decision Making in Shaping the Characteristics Entrepreneurial of MSMEs among Women in Makassar City
This study aims to test and find out how the influence between relationships of personality factors and contextual element to entrepreneurship decision making through characteristics entrepreneurial. This type of research is a quantitative-qualitative approach (Mixed Methode). The population in the study was the overall micro small and medium enterprises MSMEs which amounted to 8,756 people / businesses. The sample used in this study using probability sampling was obtained by a sample of 382 respondents / businesses while informants amounted to 3 people who were determined using technical purposive sampling that had the capacity as a key informant in accordance with the criteria.The analytical technique used in hypothesis testing is to use SEM (Structural Equation Modeling) analysis with the help of the AMOS Ver,- program,-. The results of quantitative research and transcripts of the interview process conducted at qualitative stages analyzed descriptively showed that the influence of indirectly personality factors had a significant effect on characteristics entrepreneurial, contextual element had a significant effect on entrepreneurial characteristics. The direct influence of personality factors has a significant effecat on entrepreneurship decisions, contextual element has a significant effect on entrepreneurship decisions and characteristics entrepreneurial have a significant effect on entrepreneurship decisions.
Personality Factors, Contextual Element, Characteristics entrepreneurial and Entrepreneurial Decisions
Factors Influencing Mobile Payment Adoption in Hong Kong: A Quantitative Study
Mobile payment system is gaining increasing acceptance as a mode of payment in the current economic environment. With the growing popularity of mobile payments, it is important to identify the key factors that motivate people use mobile payment. Pinpointing such factors would allow businesses to build the right mobile payment for customer’s needs. This article relies on a novel integrated model and a qualitative method to answer the question "what are the key factors influencing Mobile Payment Adoption in Hong Kong, a global metropolis where mobile payment is making steady inroads”. This study use a quantitative approach with a sample size of 203 to investigate the Influence of eight factors on Behavioural Intention to use mobile payment. The results show that factors relating to “Hedonic Motivation”, “Habit”, “Perceived Usefulness”, “Perceived Ease of Use”, “Social Influence” and “Government Support” significantly affect the Behavioural Intention to use mobile payments to conduct online transactions, while “Perceived Risk” and “Perceived Cost” shows no significant effect. Although the TAM/UTAUT model has been extensively studied in the previous research on mobile payment services, little effort has been done to combine and investigate other influencing factors in order to test their effects on the intention to adopt mobile payment. As a result of this, this study contributed by developing and testing a novel integrated model providing a valuable guideline to help researchers looking into issues related to mobile payment services in Hong Kong.
Mobile payment, Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT), Structural Equation Modeling (SEM).
The Discrepancy between Microchip Production and Automotive Industry born in Covid Pandemic Period 2019-2022
During the Covid-19 pandemic period the tiny particles - the microchips proved to be in high demand by various industries – from IT to the production of simple consumer goods. Main objective of this analysis is to explain the reasons for the shortage of chips and semi-conductors for the automotive industry as the auto maker resumed their activities after the lock downs. Haltering of orders by the major auto producer and rerouting of chip production towards supplies for the electronic industry which proved willing to pay more are the main reasons. Trade specialization and globalization which are endemic for the contemporary world economy do not help to restore the broken supply-demand equilibrium of microchips.
discrepancies in the international trade
The impact of Social Media Advertising on Attitude towards Social Media Advertising and Product Purchase Intention
This paper researched the impact of factors related to Social Media Advertising on Attitude towards Social Media Advertising and Purchase Intention. Data was collected by online form, the sample size is 235. Amos 20.0 was used to analyze the relations among factors in the Structural Equation Model. Eight of thirteen hypothesizes are accepted. This research shows a positive relation between Attitude towards Social Media Advertising and Purchase Intention. Irritation had a negative effect on Attitude towards Social Media Advertising. This study also found the positive relation of some variance couples such as Information and Attitude, Entertainment and Attitude, Credibility and Attitude, Social role and Attitude, Entertainment and Purchase Intention, Interaction and Purchase Intention.
Social Media Advertising, Attitude toward Social Media Advertising, Purchase Intention
The Effect of Entrepreneurship Behavior and Customer Relations on Four Star Hotel Competitiveness: Meditated by Business Strategies
Among the realm of entrepreneurship study, the entrepreneurial process in tourist sector actors in general is still generally overlooked. The link between tourism and entrepreneurship is a separate subject that is not handled in any way that capitalizes on the natural synergies between the two areas. The purpose of this research is to investigate and analyze the link between entrepreneurial behavior, customer interactions, competitive strategy, and competitiveness. A quantitative method is used in this investigation. There were 138 participants in the study, the researchers employed the complete sampling approach, which involved surveying the entire population. A survey was used to gather data, and a data collection instrument in the form of a questionnaire was used. In order to gain a better understanding of the causal link between factors, the study was supplemented by interviews. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) is used as an analytical tool in this work. The findings indicate that (1) entrepreneurial behavior has a positive and significant impact on the competitiveness of 4-star hotels; (2) customer relations have a positive and significant impact on the competitiveness of 4-star hotels; (3) competitive strategy has a positive and significant impact on the competitiveness of four-star hotels; and (4) entrepreneurial behavior has a positive and significant impact on the competitiveness of four-star hotels. (7) Competitive tactics for customer interactions have a good and considerable influence on the competitiveness of four-star hotels in Makassar City.
The Effect, Entrepreneurship, Behavior, And Customer
Tax-Return Screening Inefficiency of the Internal Revenue Service: What can be done to Increase Compliance and Detection of Erroneously Claimed Educational Credits?
On January 31st, 2018, Treasury Inspector General for Tax Administration (TIGTA) issued a report examining the effectiveness of the agency specifically under the 2017 Tax Filing Season. The report is referenced as 2018-40-012. According to the report, during 2017 tax filing season, billions of dollars in potentially erroneous American Opportunity Tax Credits Continue to be issued. As noted in the TIGTA report, 1.2% of the returns filed during 2017 tax season contained an error and resulted in improper refunds due to American Opportunity Tax Credit error alone. This is a significant error on the part of the Internal Revenue Service that creates inefficiency and under-collection of revenue. This paper will identify possible solutions to the issue that could increase in the revenue as much as $2.8 billion on annual basis
Tax-Return Screening Inefficiency of the Internal Revenue Service: What can be done to Increase Compliance and Detection of Erroneously Claimed Educational Credits
Nations Quest for Peace and Alignment to the New Normal: Any Roles for the Marketing Profession?
Peace is one of the most desirable ingredients required for the existence of every human community, and the need for it has quadrupled as a result of the multiple challenges facing the world today. These challenges have further been exacerbated by the need to adjust to the new normal in our contemporary society which nexuses with business operations. The chances for peaceful societies have been fatally sacrificed at the altar of greed, selfish inclinations and the desires for self-aggrandizement of man; and these have made peace a scare commodity. The absence of peace has been linked with catastrophic effects, including business turbulence; which is the reason why deliberate efforts are constantly made by individuals, governments and religious institutions to foster peace. Sadly, the outcomes of these initiatives have not been much to be desired hence the need for a paradigm shift. This paper examined extant literature on the place of the marketing profession in nations’ quest for peace. Peace like every commodity can be marketed; hence the argument of this paper that the marketing mix variables of product, price, place, promotion, preach, propagate and patronize readily find application in marketing peace. This paper concluded on the note that the clamor for a paradigm shift in the quest for peace in nations is in the right direction. More so, such shift must include the involvement of marketing professionals into the army of global peace seekers. Therefore, this paper recommends that national governments should promote matters that foster unity, develop a common national value and deploy social marketing programs. Furthermore, corporate organisations should consider peace marketing as a worthy cause to embrace, and firms should be willing to finance peace building activities as well as form coalitions of mega corporations for the promotion and protection of global peace.
Mega Corporations, Nigeria, Peace, Peace Marketing Mix
Copyright (c) 2021 Asian Journal of Business and Management http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0
Experience in Supporting Industry Development in Japan and Lessons for Viet Nam
Japan is the world's 3rd largest economy with a nominal GDP of USD 5380 billion. Japan's economy has a rapid industrial development process after its defeat in World War II. Vietnam's economy in 2020 will achieve GDP growth of 2.9%, nominal GDP of 300 billion dollars, per capita income reached $2786, if calculated according to purchasing power parity (PPP), the average income of Vietnamese people is about $ 8,500. In 2020, Vietnam has a trade surplus of 19.1 billion USD (an important contribution to this result is the total two-way turnover of 39.6 billion USD, a trade deficit of 1.1 billion USD from Japan. No small contribution to the economic success of Vietnam as a strategic partner of Japan - the third largest economy in the world. Japan is the first country in the G7 group to recognize Vietnam as a market economy and partner, the largest ODA sponsor for Vietnam, the number 1 investor in Vietnam and the 3rd largest trading partner of Vietnam. This paper also refers the lessons learned for Vietnam.
Purchasing power parity (PPP), Gross Domestic product (GDP), group of 7 richest countries in the world (G7)
The Effectiveness of Corporate Governance in Uganda: The Case of Private Companies
This paper examines the effectiveness of rules, procedures and Acts as instruments of corporate governance in Uganda, with interest in the performance of private companies. An extensive review of literature and ethnographic observation of the dynamic of corporate governance in private companies indicate that much as the private companies have adopted a hybrid regulatory framework of corporate governance, loopholes do still exist that have hindered the effectiveness of these instrument in the performance of private companies. Therefore there is need for strengthening corporate governance systems; however some of the weakness are attributed to the unsolved debate on key issues of corporate governance globally that trickles down to Uganda’s young corporate governance system in the private sector.
Refugees Adaptability on the Peaceful Coexistence with the Host Communities. A Case of Rwamwanja Refugee Camp- Uganda
This article looks at the possible ways for refugees to have peaceful coexistence of refugees with their hosts based on an understanding of the causes of conflict between refugees and host communities and how the existence of refugees impacts the lives of the host communities which also has a bearing on peaceful coexistence. Based on the descriptive design that employed both qualitative and quantitative approaches, the results are that there is a relationship between causes of conflicts and the peaceful coexistence of refugees in the Rwamwanja refugee settlement. The article also indicates that political incitement was the main cause of conflict, that illiberal and illiterate people within and outside the camp provided leeway for violence, and this affected peace negatively. The article further indicated that poverty, inequality, and marginalization or lack of respect were the major reasons for violence in the Rwamwanja refugee settlement. The article recommends that the government and the settlement management should initiate sustainable livelihoods through small-scale businesses among the people in the settlement to shock-absorb idleness and unemployed refugees and host community members who are blamed for violent inter-ethnic conflict. The article further recommends that Nongovernmental organizations and other religious societies, self-help groups, and Districts efforts should be strengthened by the government of Uganda and other stakeholders to aid in poverty reduction initiatives and promotion of peaceful coexistence among the refugees and host communities for socio-economic development in the area. Further at the policy level peaceful coexistence between refugee and host communities is possible if approaches like the degree that locals recognized their benefits from projects and services provided to refugees, clear guidelines for implementing local integration, including readily available information for refugees, guide how to distribute resources or implement programs, host governments should be clear towards local integration, meet their responsibilities to improve socio-economic conditions in areas affected by protracted refugee situations and support the full integration of refugees instead of confining them to camps.
Refugees, Peaceful Coexistence, Host Communities, and Adaptability
Study on Inventory Management Optimization of Small and Medium-sized Retail Companies in the Context of New Retail
The emergence of "New Retail" produces a great impact on the inventory management of retail companies. Using ASY company as the study object, this paper calculates weights of factors affecting inventory management with the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method to obtain the weight data of each factor before and after the New Retail appears. On this basis, it analyzes how New Retail affects the inventory management of ASY company. Besides, it offers optimization strategies and effect feedback indicators for the following problems faced by this company: pay less attention to delivery method and management system; poor incentive polices for employees; lay less stress on FMCG; too many goods are distributed by manufacturers; heavy workload; increased impact generated by fund restrictions; little knowledge about New Retail; make little efforts to improve employees' learning and innovation ability.
Assessment of Entrepreneurial Traits and Intention among Undergraduate Students at Catholic University of Health and Allied sciences -Mwanza, Tanzania
Entrepreneurship of young graduates is fundamental in mitigating the challenge of unemployment, while the role of universities is considered to be very important in developing entrepreneurial behavior. Thus, the present study aims to assess entrepreneurial traits and intention among undergraduate students at Catholic University of Health and Allied sciences -Mwanza, Tanzania. The cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted in May 2021 at Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences. Three hundred and thirty-one (331) undergraduates were selected by stratified random sampling. Pre-tested semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect primary data. Data were fed into Microsoft excel and then exported to STATA version 14 for analysis and data were presented in frequencies, percentages and mean. The level of entrepreneurial traits of the students was moderate with overall mean of 3.6. Majority (285, 86.1%) of students thought of themselves as capable of opening and sustaining a business to success, reflecting positive feasibility and perceived themselves as people who willingly act on their individual decisions.The major motivating factor for entrepreneurial intention indicated by the respondents was “preference for personal creativity” (295, 89.1%). However, the major perceived barrier to starting their own businesses indicated by the respondents was “lack of funds to start” (268, 90%). This study showed that there was overall moderate level of entrepreneurial traits among the undergraduate students. The findings have shown that there is high intention and that students are interested to become entrepreneurs.
entrepreneurship, traits, intention, undergraduate students
The Role of Trust and Team Culture in Knowledge Sharing and OCBs among Government Officials
To date, numerous empirical studies have been confirmed the key roles of knowledge sharing and organizational citizenship behaviors (OCBs) toward organizational performance. Thus, this study attempts to investigate determinants of knowledge sharing, and OCBs in government officials, which can improve organizational performance based on voluntary behaviors. Given this purpose of the study, the data collected from a sample of 250 government officials from An Nhon village, Binh Dinh Province, Vietnam. This research adopts a cross-sectional study design and utilizes partial least square – structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) technique through Smart-PLS software. The findings indicate that trust and team culture are determinants that positively and directly influences knowledge sharing and OCBs. This research contributes to the knowledge sharing and OCBs literature, and provides practical implications for public sectors. Managers should generate practices that help organizations enhance trust and team culture among officials, which lead to higher knowledge sharing and OCBs.
Total Productive Maintenance and its Effecting on the Application of Lean Production System
Increasing the amount of production, the diversity of products, a commodity and / or service, and increasing the productivity factor ratios contribute to developing the competitive strength of the organization in light of the increasingly difficult market conditions. That made all organizations work according to competitive strategies, including the production strategy for the purpose of achieving the organizations goal through the set of goals that they put. They rely on several new management systems of a strategic nature aimed at their survival and continuity in the production market. Hence, this research aims to evaluate the total productivity maintenance capacity in lean production throughout reducing the various kinds of losses, as the lean production is based on reducing each defective product (a commodity and / or service), costs, errors, and area, and all that and others aimed at improving product quality and customer satisfaction. However, the overall goals and production programs often encounter unexpected breakdowns at unexpected times, which lead to a breakdown in production and an imbalance in production plans as a result. Consequently, the companies suffer the expected revenue loss because they fail to reach the targeted production amount. The research has adopted a questionnaire that has been distributed to (50) employees of the General Company for Electric Power Production, the central region in Baghdad, which constituted more than 10% of the company’s employees. The results show that there is a strong direct relationship between the independent variable (total productivity maintenance) and the dependent variable (lean production). This distinction has explained 90% of the variables in the dependent variable.