The Works and Lives of the Informal Waste Picker; A Case Study at Anandabazar Open Dumping Site, Chattogram City Corporation, Bangladesh

No subtitle

Authors

  • Nurjahan Begum Institute of Forestry and Environmental Science, University of Chittagong, Chattogram, Bangladesh
  • Tarakul Hoque MD Rifat Institute of Forestry and Environmental Science, University of Chittagong, Chattogram, Bangladesh
  • Mohammed Kamal Hossain Institute of Forestry and Environmental Science, University of Chittagong, Chattogram, Bangladesh

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.24203/ajas.v10i6.7073

Keywords:

Waste picker, income, Waste management, Anandabazar dumping site, Occupational health hazards.

Abstract

The study examined the sociodemographic characteristics, health and working conditions of waste pickers at the Anandabazar dumping site, Chattogram, Bangladesh. Through questionnaire surveys data was gathered from waste pickers. The study identifies that 61% of respondents were men and 39% were women. The mean age of the participants was 28.29 ± 9.85 and 84% were uneducated. The majority of them work 8-10 hours per day. Daily average income from recyclables was found BDT 443.5 (US$ 5.15). In terms of health conditions, they were suffering mostly from digestive gastrointestinal issues, such as episodic diarrhea (39%), intestinal worms (57%), and hepatitis A (2.5%). The waste pickers’ living status was appalling, working conditions were hazardous. Yet, many were drawn to informal recycling due to the lack of alternatives. Therefore, special attention is required to enhance their health and working conditions as well as to integrate them into the city's formal SWM system.

 

References

L. E. Agbefe, E. T. Lawson, and D. Yirenya-Tawiah, “Awareness on waste segregation at source and willingness to pay for collection service in selected markets in Ga West Municipality, Accra, Ghana,” J. Mater. Cycles Waste Manag., vol. 21, no. 4, pp. 905–914, Jul. 2019, doi: 10.1007/s10163-019-00849-x.

M. Medina, “The informal recycling sector in developing countries,” p. 4.

T. C. Ogwueleka and N. B p, “Activities of informal recycling sector in North-Central, Nigeria,” Energy Nexus, vol. 1, p. 100003, Nov. 2021, doi: 10.1016/j.nexus.2021.100003.

A. Majeed, S. A. Batool, M. N. Chaudhry, and R. A. Siddique, “Scavenging demeanor in Bahawalpur, Pakistan: social and health perspective,” J. Mater. Cycles Waste Manag., vol. 19, no. 2, pp. 815–826, Apr. 2017, doi: 10.1007/s10163-016-0483-2.

R. D. P. Moreno-Sánchez and J. H. Maldonado, “Surviving from garbage: the role of informal waste-pickers in a dynamic model of solid-waste management in developing countries,” Environ. Dev. Econ., vol. 11, no. 3, pp. 371–391, Jun. 2006, doi: 10.1017/S1355770X06002853.

M. A. Massoud, A. Tarhini, and J. A. Nasr, “Decentralized approaches to wastewater treatment and management: Applicability in developing countries,” J. Environ. Manage., vol. 90, no. 1, pp. 652–659, Jan. 2009, doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2008.07.001.

“Beyond urban vulnerability: interrogating the social sustainability of a livelihood in the informal economy of Nigerian cities: Review of African Political Economy: Vol 42, No 144.” https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03056244.2014.997692 (accessed Jun. 26, 2022).

“An empirical study of perceptions towards construction and demolition waste recycling and reuse in China - ScienceDirect.” https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0921344917302136 (accessed Jun. 26, 2022).

“Household waste and health risks affecting waste pickers and the environment in low- and middle-income countries: International Journal of Occupational and Environmental Health: Vol 23, No 4.” https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/10773525.2018.1484996 (accessed Jun. 26, 2022).

D. C. Wilson, C. Velis, and C. Cheeseman, “Role of informal sector recycling in waste management in developing countries,” Habitat Int., vol. 30, no. 4, pp. 797–808, Dec. 2006, doi: 10.1016/j.habitatint.2005.09.005.

Waste picker cooperatives in developing countries. Routledge, 2007, pp. 125–141. doi: 10.4324/9780203934074-16.

“The Informal recycling Sector in Developing Countries : Organizing Waste Pickers to Enhance their Impact.” https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/10586 (accessed Jun. 26, 2022).

J.-P. Cling, H. C. Nguyễn, M. Razafindrakoto, and F. Roubaud, “Urbanization and access to labour market in Vietnam: Weight and characteristics of the informal sector,” in Trends of urbanization and suburbanization in Southeast Asia (CEFURDS, LPED), Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, Dec. 2008, pp. 205–226. Accessed: Jun. 26, 2022. [Online]. Available: https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01664253

“Grassroots waste picker organizations addressing the UN sustainable development goals - ScienceDirect.” https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0305750X20303223 (accessed Jun. 26, 2022).

G. Enbonzumah, “CONTRIBUTION OF ZOOMLION PROGRAMMES TOWARD DOMESTIC WASTE MANAGEMENT IN WA TOWN,” Thesis, 2016. Accessed: Jun. 26, 2022. [Online]. Available: http://udsspace.uds.edu.gh:80/handle/123456789/659

“Waste pickers and collectors in Delhi: Poverty and environment in an urban informal sector: The Journal of Development Studies: Vol 42, No 1.” https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00220380500356662 (accessed Jun. 26, 2022).

“Key drivers of the e-waste recycling system: Assessing and modelling e-waste processing in the informal sector in Delhi - ScienceDirect.” https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0195925505000491 (accessed Jun. 26, 2022).

S. Sasaki, K. Watanabe, K. Lee, N. Widyaningsih, Y. Baek, and T. Araki, “Recycling contributions of dumpsite waste pickers in Bantar Gebang, Indonesia,” J. Mater. Cycles Waste Manag., vol. 22, no. 5, pp. 1662–1671, Sep. 2020, doi: 10.1007/s10163-020-01060-z.

“Formal and informal recovery of recyclables in Mexicali, Mexico: handling alternatives - ScienceDirect.” https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0921344901001057 (accessed Jun. 26, 2022).

E. Binion and J. Gutberlet, “The effects of handling solid waste on the wellbeing of informal and organized recyclers: a review of the literature,” Int. J. Occup. Environ. Health, vol. 18, no. 1, pp. 43–52, Mar. 2012, doi: 10.1179/1077352512Z.0000000001.

“Solid waste reforms and informal recycling in Enugu urban area, Nigeria - ScienceDirect.” https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0197397508000398 (accessed Jun. 26, 2022).

O. O. Oguntoyinbo, “Informal waste management system in Nigeria and barriers to an inclusive modern waste management system: A review,” Public Health, vol. 126, no. 5, pp. 441–447, May 2012, doi: 10.1016/j.puhe.2012.01.030.

O. Adama, “Urban Livelihoods and Social Networks: Emerging Relations in Informal Recycling in Kaduna, Nigeria,” Urban Forum, vol. 23, no. 4, pp. 449–466, Dec. 2012, doi: 10.1007/s12132-012-9159-8.

“Electronic waste and informal recycling in Kathmandu, Nepal: challenges and opportunities | SpringerLink.” https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10163-017-0610-8 (accessed Jun. 27, 2022).

“Informal recycling and occupational health in Santo André, Brazil: International Journal of Environmental Health Research: Vol 18, No 1.” https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09603120701844258 (accessed Jun. 27, 2022).

“The Semantics of Garbage and the organization of the recyclers: Implementation challenges for establishing recycling cooperatives in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil - ScienceDirect.” https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0921344910001084 (accessed Jun. 27, 2022).

A. M. Nading, “Foundry Values: Artisanal Aluminum Recyclers, Economic Involution, And Skill In Periurban Managua, Nicaragua,” Urban Anthropol. Stud. Cult. Syst. World Econ. Dev., vol. 40, no. 3/4, pp. 319–359, 2011.

C. Hartmann, “Waste picker livelihoods and inclusive neoliberal municipal solid waste management policies: The case of the La Chureca garbage dump site in Managua, Nicaragua,” Waste Manag., vol. 71, pp. 565–577, 2018.

“Framework for integration of informal waste management sector with the formal sector in Pakistan - Maryam Masood, Claire Y Barlow, 2013.” https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0734242x13499811 (accessed Jun. 27, 2022).

“Informal Electronic Waste Recycling in Pakistan: Ingenta Connect.” https://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/jswt/jswt/2016/00000042/00000003/art00007 (accessed Jun. 27, 2022).

J. Palfreman, “Waste Management and Recycling in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania,” 2014, doi: 10.13140/2.1.3196.4482.

K. Parizeau, “When Assets are Vulnerabilities: An Assessment of Informal Recyclers’ Livelihood Strategies in Buenos Aires, Argentina,” World Dev., vol. 67, pp. 161–173, Mar. 2015, doi: 10.1016/j.worlddev.2014.10.012.

“Formalising informal solid waste recycling at the Pomona dumpsite in Harare, Zimbabwe - Nemadire - 2017 - Natural Resources Forum - Wiley Online Library.” https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/1477-8947.12130?casa_token=IrgR3UNJ1iQAAAAA%3A0in4-9XVc0Y9nEgUChXnBIqEjuKXhe1bggSvbPENPkaZkCykHSM3y2QRCTMniSaRP3-6WbdunmW77eJ3 (accessed Jun. 27, 2022).

A. Rojas C., H. Yabar, T. Mizunoya, and Y. Higano, “The Potential Benefits of Introducing Informal Recyclers and Organic Waste Recovery to a Current Waste Management System: The Case Study of Santiago de Chile,” Resources, vol. 7, no. 1, Art. no. 1, Mar. 2018, doi: 10.3390/resources7010018.

S. M. N. Uddin, J. Gutberlet, A. Ramezani, and S. M. Nasiruddin, “Experiencing the Everyday of Waste Pickers: A Sustainable Livelihoods and Health Assessment in Dhaka City, Bangladesh,” J. Int. Dev., vol. 32, no. 6, pp. 833–853, Aug. 2020, doi: 10.1002/jid.3479.

Q. Hamidul Bari, K. Mahbub Hassan, and M. Ehsanul Haque, “Solid waste recycling in Rajshahi city of Bangladesh,” Waste Manag., vol. 32, no. 11, pp. 2029–2036, Nov. 2012, doi: 10.1016/j.wasman.2012.05.036.

M. S. I. Sarkar, R. U. Ahmed, R. Uddin, K. I. Rifat, and S. H. S. Fakir, “SOLID WASTE ISSUES AND ITS MANAGEMENT IN CHITTAGONG, BANGLADESH,” vol. 03, no. 04, p. 11.

F. Made et al., “Illness, Self-Rated Health and Access to Medical Care among Waste Pickers in Landfill Sites in Johannesburg, South Africa,” Int. J. Environ. Res. Public. Health, vol. 17, no. 7, Art. no. 7, Jan. 2020, doi: 10.3390/ijerph17072252.

R. Schenck and P. F. Blaauw, “The Work and Lives of Street Waste Pickers in Pretoria—A Case Study of Recycling in South Africa’s Urban Informal Economy,” Urban Forum, vol. 22, no. 4, p. 411, Jun. 2011, doi: 10.1007/s12132-011-9125-x.

A. C. Bonini-Rocha, R. A. C. de Oliveira, M. Bashash, G. do Couto Machado, and V. R. N. Cruvinel, “Prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders and risk factors in recyclable material waste pickers from the dump of the structural city in Brasília, Brazil,” Waste Manag., vol. 125, pp. 98–102, Apr. 2021, doi: 10.1016/j.wasman.2021.02.018.

Saizuddin Kabir, Shila Rani Das, Shaidul Hasan, Nadia Begum, Sultana Begum, and Meheruba Afrin, “Study on factors determining health status of waste pickers at Dhaka city-corporation,” Z H Sikder Women’s Med. Coll. J., vol. 1, no. Number 2, pp. 3–5, Jul. 2019, doi: 10.47648/zhswmcj.2020.v0102.01.

I. A. Nuwayhid, J. Usta, M. Makarem, A. Khudr, and A. El-Zein, “Health of children working in small urban industrial shops,” Occup. Environ. Med., vol. 62, no. 2, pp. 86–94, Feb. 2005, doi: 10.1136/oem.2004.015503.

M. Asim, S. A. Batool, and M. N. Chaudhry, “Scavengers and their role in the recycling of waste in Southwestern Lahore,” Resour. Conserv. Recycl., vol. 58, pp. 152–162, Jan. 2012, doi: 10.1016/j.resconrec.2011.10.013.

M. Aljaradin, K. M. Persson, and E. Sood, “The Role of Informal Sector in Waste Management, A Case Study; Tafila-Jordan,” p. 7.

A. F. Ali and F. I. Yusuf, “PREVALENCE OF INJURIES AMONG WASTE PICKERS. A CASE STUDY IN NIGERIA,” J. Detritus Vol., vol. 2021, no. 17, pp. 89–96, 2021.

V. R. N. Cruvinel et al., “Health conditions and occupational risks in a novel group: waste pickers in the largest open garbage dump in Latin America,” BMC Public Health, vol. 19, no. 1, pp. 1–15, 2019.

H. Zia, V. Devadas, and S. Shukla, “Assessing informal waste recycling in Kanpur City, India,” Manag. Environ. Qual. Int. J., 2008.

“Social vulnerabilities of female waste pickers in Brasília, Brazil: Archives of Environmental & Occupational Health: Vol 76, No 3.” https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/19338244.2020.1787315 (accessed Jun. 27, 2022).

R. B. Chowdhury, M. Sujauddin, S. Murakami, P. Chakraborty, and M. S. ul Alam, “Current status of municipal solid waste management system in Chittagong, Bangladesh,” Int. J. Environ. Waste Manag., vol. 12, no. 2, pp. 167–188, 2013.

M. T. Rendon, “Municipal waste, environmental justice, right to the city and the irregular economy : Valuing the work of informal waste pickers in the Catalan recycling sector,” 2020, Accessed: Jun. 27, 2022. [Online]. Available: https://ddd.uab.cat/record/240912

P. F. da Silva, G. R. Besen, and H. Ribeiro, “Payment for Environmental Services for Waste Pickers: Systematic Literature Mapping”.

“Global_POVEQ_BGD.pdf.” Accessed: Jun. 27, 2022. [Online]. Available: https://databank.worldbank.org/data/download/poverty/33EF03BB-9722-4AE2-ABC7-AA2972D68AFE/Global_POVEQ_BGD.pdf

S. Sasaki, T. Araki, A. H. Tambunan, and H. Prasadja, “Household income, living and working conditions of dumpsite waste pickers in Bantar Gebang: Toward integrated waste management in Indonesia,” Resour. Conserv. Recycl., vol. 89, pp. 11–21, Aug. 2014, doi: 10.1016/j.resconrec.2014.05.006.

E. Sembiring and V. Nitivattananon, “Sustainable solid waste management toward an inclusive society: Integration of the informal sector,” Resour. Conserv. Recycl., vol. 54, no. 11, pp. 802–809, Sep. 2010, doi: 10.1016/j.resconrec.2009.12.010.

Z. Burt, K. Nelson, and I. Ray, Towards gender equality through sanitation access. UN WOMEN, 2016.

T. Jayakrishnan, M. C. Jeeja, and R. Bhaskar, “Occupational health problems of municipal solid waste management workers in India,” Int. J. Environ. Health Eng., vol. 2, no. 1, p. 42, 2013.

P. Chokhandre, S. Singh, and G. C. Kashyap, “Prevalence, predictors and economic burden of morbidities among waste-pickers of Mumbai, India: a cross-sectional study,” J. Occup. Med. Toxicol., vol. 12, no. 1, pp. 1–8, 2017.

V. M. Suresh, T. V. Kumaran, P. O. T. Third, P. Sarkar, T. Link, and N. Delhi, “Solid Waste Management in Delhi – a Social Vulnerability Study.”

K. Akter, N. Hawlader, and M. Hoque, “AN ASSESSMENT OF HEALTH HAZARDS AND AWARENESS OF WASTE PICKERS: A CASE STUDY OF MATUAIL SANITARY LANDFILL OF DHAKA CITY,” vol. 5, pp. 96–113, Jan. 2019.

I. A. Al-Khatib, M. I. Al-Sari’, and S. Kontogianni, “Assessment of Occupational Health and Safety among Scavengers in Gaza Strip, Palestine,” J. Environ. Public Health, vol. 2020, p. e3780431, Feb. 2020, doi: 10.1155/2020/3780431.

V. R. N. Cruvinel, T. R. Zolnikov, M. Bashash, C. P. Marques, and J. A. Scott, “Waterborne diseases in waste pickers of Estrutural, Brazil, the second largest open-air dumpsite in world,” Waste Manag., vol. 99, pp. 71–78, Nov. 2019, doi: 10.1016/j.wasman.2019.08.035.

P. Thirarattanasunthon, W. Siriwong, M. Robson, and M. Borjan, “Health risk reduction behaviors model for scavengers exposed to solid waste in municipal dump sites in Nakhon Ratchasima Province, Thailand,” Risk Manag. Healthc. Policy, vol. 5, pp. 97–104, Aug. 2012, doi: 10.2147/RMHP.S30707.

S. Aparcana, “Approaches to formalization of the informal waste sector into municipal solid waste management systems in low- and middle-income countries: Review of barriers and success factors,” Waste Manag., vol. 61, pp. 593–607, Mar. 2017, doi: 10.1016/j.wasman.2016.12.028.

Downloads

Published

2023-01-02

How to Cite

Begum, N., Rifat, T. H. M., & Hossain, M. K. . (2023). The Works and Lives of the Informal Waste Picker; A Case Study at Anandabazar Open Dumping Site, Chattogram City Corporation, Bangladesh: No subtitle . Asian Journal of Applied Sciences, 10(6). https://doi.org/10.24203/ajas.v10i6.7073