Extraction Rates of Oils of Some Seeds by using Different Speeds of the Centrifuge
Abstract
Centrifuge has been introduced as a rapid method for extraction of oil from plant parts in addition to conserve time, solvent and energy. The aim of this study is to evaluate the extraction rate of oils from some oil-seeds (Groundnut and Sesame) by using three speeds (low, medium and the high speed) of the Centrifuge (model: 80-1, Made in China) using hexane solvent, and to determine the quality characteristics of the extracted oils. The seeds were crushed and kept in plastic bags in order not to lose the oil. The estimation of the extraction percentage was depended on the weight of the sample before and after the extraction at any time for each speed. The results showed that, the extract reached mean of 45% from Groundnut seeds (100% extraction) within 18 minutes at a rate of 2.31% extract/minute, using only 18 ml of hexane. The extract reached mean of 45% from Sesame seeds (100% extraction) within 18 minutes at a rate of 1.91% extract/minute, using 18 ml of hexane. The physical and chemical properties of the extracted Groundnut and Sesame oils were relatively similar to their standards it was clear that, in all cases, the high the speed used in the Centrifuge; the high was the percentage oil extract. The study recommends continuing researches on centrifugation principle to improve oil extraction methods.
References
• AACC (1983). Approved methods of the American Association of Cereal Chemist, 8TH ed. The association: St. Paul, MN.
• Anyasor, G. N.; Ogunwenmo, K. O.; Oyelana, O. A.; Ajayi, D. and Dangana, J. (2009). Chemical Analyses of Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea) Oil. Pak. J. Nutr., 8(3):269 - 272.
• AOAC (1997). Fat (Crude) in Meats and Meat Products, 16th ed., Chapter 39, p. 3, section 39.1.08. AOAC International, Gaithersburg, MD.
• Arabi, H. N. (2014). Effect of X-rays, Gamma rays and Ultra Violet light on some Morphological characteristics and nutritional contents of the first generation groundnut (Arachis hypogae L.) seeds. M.Sc. thesis, University of Gezira.
• Bolker, B. M., Brooks, M. E.; Clark, C. J.; Geange, S. W.; Poulsen, J. R.; Stevens, M. H. H. and White, J. S. (2008). Generalized linear mixed models: a practical guide for ecology and evolution. Trends. Ecol. Evol., 24:127-135.
• Carley, D. H. and Fletcher, S. M. (1995). An overview of world peanut markets. In: Pattee, H. E.; Stalker, T. H. (Eds.), Advances in Peanut Science. American Peanut Research and Education Society, Inc., Stillwater, USA, pp. 554–577.
• Chrisov, M. (2012). Contribution of inter specific hybridization to sunflower breeding. Heli., 35(57): 37-46.
• CoDEX-STAN210 (1999). Codex standard for named vegetable oils, (FAO).
• Cole-Parmer, P. and William, A. (2012). "Basics of Centrifugation". Retrieved 11 March 2012.
• David, A. F. (2005). Statistical Models: Theory and Practice, Cambridge University Press (2005).
• El Naim, A. M.; Ahmed M. F. and Ibrahim, K. A. (2010). Effect of Irrigation and Cultivar on Seed Yield, Yield’s Components and Harvest Index of Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.). Research J. Agric. and Biol. Sciences, 6(4): 492-497.
• FAO (2008). Food and Agricultural Organization of United nation: Economic and Social Department: The Statistical Division.
• Gibbon, D. and Pain, A. (1985). Crops of the drier region of the tropics. longman group Ltd UK pp 146.
• Global AgriSystems. (2010). Dehulled and roasted sesame seed oil processing unit. 18/08/11Available at: http://mpstateagro.nic.in/Project.Reports.pdf/Dehulled. and.Roasted.Sesame.Seed.Oil.Processing.Unit.pdf
• Jimoh, D.; Mohammed, A. D. and Akpan, U. (2006). Extraction Characterization and Modification of castor seeds oil Leonardo. J. of Science, 8: 43-52.
• John, K. (2003). Analytical Chemistry for Technicians, 3rd Edition, Lewis Publishers, Kalyani Publisher, New Delhi, India, Pp 347-349.
• Liu, K. (1997). Soybeans, chemistry, technology and utilization. Chapman and Hall, USA.p.532.
• Nielsen, S. (2003). Food analysis, laboratory manual 3rd Edition, Kluwer academic Premium Publishers, London. Pp 88-89.
• Onwueme, I. C. and Sinha, T. A. (1999). Field crop production in tropical Africa. Technical Centre for Agricultural and Rural Co-operation. Pp 324-327.
• Ray, S. (2015). Seven Types of Regression Techniques you should know. Available at: https://www.analyticsvidhya.com/blog/2015/08/comprehensive-guide.
• Salunkhe, D. K.; Chavan, J. K.; Adsule, R.N. and Kadam, S. S. (1992). World oilseeds: chemistry, technology, and utilization. New York: Van Nostrand. Reinhold
• Susan, R. M. and Eduardo, C. (2004). Bioanalytical Chemistry, Ch. 13. Centrifugation Methods. John Wiley and Sons, Mar 4, 2004, pp. 247-267.
• USDA (2011). National Nutrient Database. Available at: http://www.ars.usda.gov/ Services/docs.htm?docid=8964.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
- Papers must be submitted on the understanding that they have not been published elsewhere (except in the form of an abstract or as part of a published lecture, review, or thesis) and are not currently under consideration by another journal published by any other publisher.
- It is also the authors responsibility to ensure that the articles emanating from a particular source are submitted with the necessary approval.
- The authors warrant that the paper is original and that he/she is the author of the paper, except for material that is clearly identified as to its original source, with permission notices from the copyright owners where required.
- The authors ensure that all the references carefully and they are accurate in the text as well as in the list of references (and vice versa).
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
- The journal/publisher is not responsible for subsequent uses of the work. It is the author's responsibility to bring an infringement action if so desired by the author.
