I-131 Dispersion from the Stack to Environment of Soil and Grass Aradiosotope Production Facility, Serpong, Indonesia
Keywords:
I-131, Iodine-131, stack, soil, grass, environment, rain, humidity, sunAbstract
Radioisotope production installation in Serpong produces and processes I-131 that can disperse into the environment around the Serpong Nuclear Area (SNA). I-131 produced routinely for medical purposes in hospitals and pharmacies. I-131 can cause thyroid cancer. I-131 is the largest radionuclides released from a nuclear accident than other radionuclides. Grass is a plant that can be used to reduce heat and air pollution. The measurement method of the I-131 activity concentration at the soil and the grass was carried on simultaneously with the production of I-131 radioisotope production facility in real time. Concentration of I-131 activity in the environment (soil and grass) around the SNA is still below the I-131 quality standard in the environment (63 Bq/kg). Concentrations of I-131 activity average at the grass (± 75%) greater than the concentrations of I-131 activity in the soil (± 25%). Concentration of I-131 activity average in the grass and in the soil highest of the seven research sites are in Jaletreng (4,200 m at the North of stack (360o)) by 1.62 and 0.41 Bq/kg respectively. Concentration of I-131 activity is high during high humidity (more than 80%) at night or rain, but when the sun rises the opposite effect.
References
. BPS-BATAN. Pemutakhiran rona lingkungan kawasan nuklir Serpong, Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS) Kabupaten Tangerang dan Pusat Teknologi Limbah Radioaktif-BATAN. 2012.
. Untara, Yuniarto, A., Syahrir, & Umbara, H., Laporan pemantauan radioaktivitas lingkungan kawasan nuklir Serpong. Pusat Teknologi Limbah Radioaktif. Serpong. 2012.
. Baker, A. Air-sea exchange of Iodine. School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK, http://www.uea.ac.uk/~e780/ airseaiod.htm. 2007. read on 20 Mei 2015, pk. 22.15 WIB.
. ATSDR, Case studies in environmental medicine: Radiation exposure from Iodine-131. Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR). US Department of Health and Human Services, 2008.
. UNSCEAR 2013, Sources, effects and risks of ionizing radiation: levels and effects of radiation exposure due to the nuclear accident after the 2011 great East-Japan earthquake and tsunami. Scientific Annex A. United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation. Volume 1. Report to General Assembly. New York: United Nations publication. 2014.
. Anonymous. Steppe (Grassland). Slater Museum of Natural History, University of Puget Sound. 1500 N. Warner St. #1088. Tacoma, WA 98416 http://www.pugetsound.edu/academics/ academic-resources/slater-museum/biodiversity-resour-ces/world-biomes/characteristics-of-bioclimatic/steppe-grassland/
. Zupancic, T., Westmacott, C., and Bulthuis, M., The impact of green space on heat and air pollution in urban communities: A meta-narrative systematic review. David Suzuki Foundation. Vancouver. http://www.davidsuzuki.org/publications/ImpactofGreenSpaceonHeatandAirPolluti-oninUrbanCommunities.pdf. March 2015. pp 6-8.
. BAPETEN. Nilai batas radioaktivitas lingkungan. nomor: 07/PERKA BAPETEN/2013. Badan Pengawas Tenaga Nuklir (Nuclear Energy Regulatory Agency). Jakarta. Indonesia. 2013.
. UNSCEAR. Exposures from Natural Radiation Source. Annexes B. United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation. Report to General Assembly. New York: United Nations. 2000.
. Siswanti & Gede Sutrena, W. Pengaruh curah hujan terhadap radioaktivitas gross beta pada sampel jatuhan (fall out). Prosiding Seminar Nasional IV SDM Teknologi Nuklir. Yogyakarta. 25-26 Agustus 2008. ISSN 1978-0176. 2008.
. Baklanov, A., & Sorensen, J.H. Parameterisation of radionuclide deposition in atmospheric long-range transport modelling. Phys. Chem. Earth (B). Vol. 26. No. 10. 2001. pp. 787-799.
. Widner, T. E., Hoffman, F. O., Apostoaer, A. Iulian. Iodine-131 releases from radioactive lanthanum procesing at the X-10 site in Oak Ridge Tennese (1944-1956) – an Assessment of quantities released, Off-Site radiation doses, and potential excess risks of thyroid cancer. Reports of the Oak Ridge dose reconstruction, vol. 1, The report of project task 1. ChemRisk. California. 1999.
. Gottardi, W. Redo-potentiometric/titrimetric analysis of aqueous Iodine solutions. Institute for Hygiene. University of Innbruck. Austria: Springer-Verlag. Fresenius J. Anal. Chem. 362: 263-269. 1998.
. Jing Xie, Otto, R., Wester, R. and Hase, W. L., Chemical dynamics simulations of the monohydrated OH−(H2O) + CH3I reaction. Atomic-level mechanisms and comparison with experiment. J. Chem. Phys. 142, 244308. 2015.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
- Papers must be submitted on the understanding that they have not been published elsewhere (except in the form of an abstract or as part of a published lecture, review, or thesis) and are not currently under consideration by another journal published by any other publisher.
- It is also the authors responsibility to ensure that the articles emanating from a particular source are submitted with the necessary approval.
- The authors warrant that the paper is original and that he/she is the author of the paper, except for material that is clearly identified as to its original source, with permission notices from the copyright owners where required.
- The authors ensure that all the references carefully and they are accurate in the text as well as in the list of references (and vice versa).
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
- The journal/publisher is not responsible for subsequent uses of the work. It is the author's responsibility to bring an infringement action if so desired by the author.
