Nutritional Analysis and Phytochemical Evaluation of Bitter Gourd (<em>Momordica Charantia</em>) from Bangladesh

Authors

  • Robiul Hasan Bhuiyan Dept. of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Chittagong, Bangladesh.
  • Rashu Barua Dept. of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Chittagong, Bangladesh. and Department of Molecular Biochemistry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya-466-0065, Japan.
  • Ehsan Uddin Talukder Dept. of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Chittagong, Bangladesh.
  • Mohammad Sayedul Islam Dept. of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Chittagong, Bangladesh.
  • Farhana Yesmin Department of Molecular Biochemistry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya-466-0065, Japan.
  • Kanchan Chakma
  • Golam Kabir Dept. of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Chittagong, Bangladesh.
  • Robiul Hasan Bhuyan Dept. of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Chittagong, Bangladesh.

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.24203/ajafs.v8i2.6094

Abstract

Momordica charantia (M. charantia) is commonly referred to as Bitter Gourd, Karela and balsam-pear, is a very familiar vegetable and widely cultivate in Bangladesh. It has long been used as a traditional medicine for some ailments. Nutritional compositions and phytochemical constituents of two selected hybrid varieties of M. charantia (TIA and GOJNEE) from Bangladesh were analysed using standard analytical methods. The proximate composition like moisture, ash, crude lipid, crude fibre and crude protein contents were showed as percentage. The study results showed that the two varieties of this M. charantia are good source of minerals such as Calcium (Ca), Potassium (K), Magnesium (Mg), Iron (Fe) and Chromium (Cr). Calcium and iron concentrations were higher in both varieties. And their concentrations were 2.35 and 1.04 ppm in GOJNEE, and 2.24 and 0.87 ppm in TIA, respectively. Phytochemicals constituents like alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids and saponins were found in both varieties of M. charantia. Quantity of alkaloids, flavonoids and saponin were 0.05, 2.001 and 5.02 % in seeds of GOJNEE and 0.012, 1.72 and 3.27 % in seed of TIA. Total phenolic content was also determined and found that the highest contents were in ethanol and ethyl acetate extracts in both varieties. Our study result indicates the presence of nutritional and phytochemical constituents which are beneficial for our health along with the medicinal values.

Author Biography

Kanchan Chakma

Dept. of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Chittagong, Bangladesh.

References

Akhila, S., Bindu, A., Bindu, K., & Aleykutty, N. (2009). Comparative evaluation of

extracts of Citrus limon burm peel for antioxidant activity. Journal of Young

Pharmacists, 1(2), 136.

Antia,B.S., E.J. Akpan, P.A. Okon and I.U. Umoren, (2006). Nutritiveand Anti-Nutritive Evaluation of Sweet Potatoes (Ipomoea batatas) Leaves. Pak. J. Nutr., 5: 166-168.

AOAC, (1960). Official and Tentative Methods of Analysis. 9th edition, Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Washington DC., pp: 73.

AOAC, (1980). Official Methods of Analysis, 13th edition, Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Washington, DC, USA.

AOAC, (1995). Official Methods of Analysis. Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Washington, DC, USA.

Barua,R., Sultana, S., Talukder.,U.E.M., Chakma, K., Hasan, M.M.C., and Islam, S.M. 2014. Antioxidant and Cytotoxic activity of Crude Flavonoid fraction from the fruits of hybrid variety of Momordica charantia (Bitter Gourd). British Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 4(7): 778-786.

Basch, E., Gabardi, S., & Ulbricht, C. (2003). Bitter melon (Momordica charantia): A

review of efficacy and safety. American Journal of Health-System Pharmacology, 60(4):

–359.

Behera,T. K., Staub,J.E., Behera., S and Simon, P.W.(2007). Bitter Gourd and Human Health. Medicinal and Aromatic plant science and biotechnology. Global science books.

Bernardi, A. P. M., López-Alarcón, C., Aspée, A., Rech, S. B., Von Poser, G. L., Bridi,

R., DUtrafiho, C. S. and Lissi, E. (2008). Antioxidant Activity in Southern Brazil

Hypericum Species. Journal of the Chilean Chemical Society, 53(4), 1658-1662.

Bligh, E.G. and W.J. Dyer, (1959). A rapid method of total lipid extraction and

purification. Can. J. Biochem. Physiol., 37: 911-917.

Boham,B.A., & Kocipai-Abyazan, R. (1974). Flavonoids and condensed tannins from

leaves of Hawaiian vaccinium vaticulatum and V. calycinium. Pacific sci, 48, 458-463.

DeVries, J. W. (2003). On defining dietary fibre. Proceeding Nutrition Society, 62, 37–

Edeoga, H.O., Okwu, D.E and Mbaebie, B.O (2005). Phytochemical constituents of

some Nigerian medicinal plants. Afr. J. Biotechnol., 4(7): 685-688

Edeoga HO, Eriata DO (2001). Alkaloid, tannin and saponin contents of some Nigerian

medicinal plants. J. Med. Aromatic Plant Sci., 23: 344-349

Harborne, J.P. 1991. Phytochemical Methods. 2nd Ed., Oxford University Press,

London.

Harborne, J.B., (1973). Phytochemical Methods: A Guide to Modern Techniques of

Plant Analysis. 2nd edition, Chapman and Hall Publishers, New York, pp: 85.

Hokputsa S, Harding SE, Inngjerdingen K, Jumel K, Michaelsen TE, Heinze T, Koschella A, Paulsen BS (2004). Bioactive polysaccharides from the stems of the Thai medicinal plant Acanthus ebracteatus: Their chemical and physical features. Carbohydr. Res., 339(4): 753-762.

Joseph, B and Jini, D. (2013) Antidiabetic effects of Momordica charantia (bitter melon) and its medicinal potency. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Diseases, 3(2): 93–102. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2FS2222-1808(13)60052-3

Kritchevsky, D. (1988). Dietary fibre. Annual Review of Nutrition, 8(1): 301–328

Marr, K. L., Mei, X. Y., & Bhattarai, N. (2004). Allozyme, morphological and nutritional analysis bearing on the domestication of Momordica charantia L. (Cucurbitaceae) from China, Laos, and Nepal. Economic Botany, 58(3), 435–455.

Mills, D.F (1981). Symposia from the XII International congress on Nutrition Prog. Clin. Biol. Res. 77: 165 - 71.

Noormrio, M.H., Dahot, M.U., Siddiqui, H.L., Dewani, V.K (1996). Studies on the nutritive composition of Phyllanthus multiforus (Kanoo) fruit. Sci. Sindh, 3: 13-19.

Petersen, L., (2002). Analytical methods: Soil, water, plant material, fertilizer. Soil

Resources Management and Analytical Services, Soil Resource Dev., Inst. Danida,

Dhaka.

Obadoni, B.O. and Ochuko, P.O. (2001). Phytochemical studies and comparative

efficacy of the crude extracts of some homeostatic plants in Edo and Delta States of

Nigeria. Global J. Pure and Appl. Sci. 8:203-208.

Rangaswami, G. (1976). Sericulture manual mulberry cultivation, FAO, UN. Rome PP. 68-72.

Robinson, C. H, and Lawler, M., (1980). Normal and therapeutic Nutrition. Macmillan

Co Ltd., New York.

Sofowora, A (2006). Medicinal Plants and Traditional Medicine in Africa. 2nd edition, Spectrum Books Ltd., Ibadan, Nigeria. pp. 151-153, 209-214.

Soomro, A.K. and K.A. Ansari, (2005). Medicinal use of bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L.) in District Sukkur, Sindh, Pakistan. Hamdard Med. 48: 9-14.

Srivastava, R., Kulshreshtha, D.K (1989). Bioactive polysaccharides from plants. Phytochem., 28(11): 2877-2883.

Takeyama, E., Fukushima, M., & Tanimura, A. (2002). Effect of heat-treatment on the content and polysaccharide composition of dietary fibre. Food Science and Technology Research, 8(2), 125–130.

Trease, G.E. and W.C. Evans, (2002). Pharmacognsy. 11th edition, Macmillian Publishers, UK.

Underwood, E.J and Suttle NF (1999). The mineral nutrition of Livestock, CABI publishing, New York. pp 51 - 101.

Ullah, M., Chy, F. K., Sarkar, S. K., Islam, K. M. and Absar, N. (2011). Nutrient and Phytochemical Analysis of Four Varieties of Bitter Gourd (Momordica charantia) Grown in Chittagong Hill Tracts, Bangladesh. Asian Journal of Agricultural Research, 5(3):186-193.

Verma, J.P. and J.S. Aggarwal, (1956). A note on component fatty acids of the oil from the seed of Momordica charantia L. J. Indian Chem. Soc., 33: 355-357.

Watts, D.L., (1997). Trace Elements and Other Essential Nutrients, Clinical Application of Tissue Mineral Analysis. Writer’s B-L-O-C-K, USA., ISBN-13: 978-1885676221

Weight, L.M., Jalobes, P. and Noakes, T.D (1992). Dietary Iron deficiency and sports

anemia. Brit. J. of Nutri. 68: 253 - 60.

Wills, R. B., Wong, A. W., Scriven, F. M., & Greenfield, H. (1984). Nutrient

composition of Chinese vegetables. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 32(2),

-416.

Yoshime,L.T.,Louise Pereira de Melo,I. L.P. D., Sattler, J.A.G., Carvalho, E.B.T and

Filho,M.J. (2016). Bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L.) seed oil as a naturally rich

source of bioactive compounds for nutraceutical purposes. Nutrire, 41:12.

Yuwai, K. E., Rao, K. S., Kaluwin, C., Jones, G. P., & Rivett, D. E. (1991). Chemical

composition of Momordica charantia L. fruits. Journal of Agricultural and Food

Chemistry, 39(10), 1762-1763.

Downloads

Published

2020-04-17

How to Cite

Bhuiyan, R. H., Barua, R., Talukder, E. U., Islam, M. S., Yesmin, F., Chakma, K., Kabir, G., & Bhuyan, R. H. (2020). Nutritional Analysis and Phytochemical Evaluation of Bitter Gourd (<em>Momordica Charantia</em>) from Bangladesh. Asian Journal of Agriculture and Food Sciences, 8(2). https://doi.org/10.24203/ajafs.v8i2.6094

Issue

Vol. 8 No. 2 (2020): April 2020

Section

Articles

License

  • Papers must be submitted on the understanding that they have not been published elsewhere (except in the form of an abstract or as part of a published lecture, review, or thesis) and are not currently under consideration by another journal published by any other publisher.
  • It is also the authors responsibility to ensure that the articles emanating from a particular source are submitted with the necessary approval.
  • The authors warrant that the paper is original and that he/she is the author of the paper, except for material that is clearly identified as to its original source, with permission notices from the copyright owners where required.
  • The authors ensure that all the references carefully and they are accurate in the text as well as in the list of references (and vice versa).
  • Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
  • Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
  • Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
  • The journal/publisher is not responsible for subsequent uses of the work. It is the author's responsibility to bring an infringement action if so desired by the author.