The Role of Agricultural Extension in the Transfer and Adoption of Agricultural Technologies
Keywords:
agricultural extension, technology transfer, technology adoptionAbstract
This article aims to identify the concept of agricultural extension, explain: the concept of the agricultural extension as service and as learning process for farmers. This research aims also to explain for process of transferring and adoption agricultural technology by farmers, the basic requirements that are reliable in choice of agricultural technology for small farmers, as well as to identify the cycle of agricultural technology transfer to farmers. Explain the adoption process of agricultural techniques among farmers, the stages of the adoption process. This article aims also to explain the role of Extension worker in agricultural technology transfer.
The aims of this articles has been discussed by the use of scientific studies and references, also it has to take advantage of on the results of previous studies relating with agricultural extension in the process of discussing the goals of the research and writing.
The results showed discuss the objectives of this research that the Agricultural Extension is an educational process for farmers aimed at the development of agricultural skills and knowledge, as well as to increase agricultural production in quantity and quality. Agricultural Extension and that is the basis of the transfer of agricultural technologies to farmers and to persuade farmers to adopt those agricultural techniques. The results showed that agricultural extension workers are playing a major role in the transfer of agricultural technologies to farmers.
Â
Â
References
AREMU, P., KOLO I., GANA A., ADELERE F., “The crucial role of extension workers in agricultural technologies transfer and adoptionâ€, Global advanced research journal of food science and technology, vol. 4, No. 2, pp. 014-018, 2015.
ALEX, G., ZIJP W., Rural extension and advisory services, Rural development strategy background, World Bank, USA, 2002.
ADEDOYIN, S., Constructing measurable training objectives: strengthening agricultural extension in Nigeria, Nigeria, 1989.
ABD, H., “Role of extension center on farmers training for using modern agricultural technology in Polly plastic. Case study of Thiqar province in south of Iraqâ€, International Journal of Sustainable Development and Green Economics, Vol. 2, No. 12, pp. 96-99, 2013.
Ann, E., “Extension agents access and utilization of information and communication technology in extension service delivery in South East Nigeriaâ€, Journal of Agricultural Extension and Rural Development, Vol. 5, No. 11, pp. 266 – 276, 2013.
AL- LIYLA, Z., ABDELAZIM S., Principles of agricultural extension, The National Library, Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research, Baghdad 1987.
AL – JEBORY, KH., Adoption rate of corn farmers for agricultural innovations and its relationship with some variables in Hawija District, Kirkuk Governorate, Master Thesis, University of Mosul, Iraq 2006.
AREMU, P., KOLO I., GANA A., ADELERE F., “The crucial role of extension workers in agricultural technologies transfer and adoptionâ€, Global advanced research journal of food science and technology, Vol. 4, No. 2, pp. 014-018, 2015.
AL- JUBURY, A., 2006, “ The size and importance of agricultural technology transfer according to agricultural officials and irrigative regions farmers view of Point in Ninenvah Provinceâ€, Thesis of Ph.D, Iraq, pp. 26-29.
BONNY, B., VIJAYARAGAVAN K., “Adoption of sustainable agricultural practices by traditional rice growersâ€, Journal of Tropical Agriculture, Vol. 39, No.1, pp. 151-156, 2001.
BELLO, A., Introduction to agricultural extension and rural sociology: National open university of Nigeria, Nigeria 2008.
COMER, V., BIRKENHOLZ R., STEWART B., “The role of the cooperative extension service as perceived by North Carolina Cooperative Extension Service administratorsâ€, Journal of Southern Agricultural Education Research, Vol. 54, No. 1, pp. 156-167, 2004.
GEBREMICHAEL, B., ABD H., “Role of extension center o farmers training for using modern agricultural technology in Polly Plastic. case study of Thiqar Province in south of Iraqâ€, International Journal of Sustainable Development and Green Economics, Vol. 2, N. 1, pp. 96-99, 2013.
Garforth, C., “Rural people's organizations and agricultural extension in the upper north of Thailand: Who Benefitsâ€, Journal of International Development, Vol. 6, No. 6, pp. 707-720, 2011.
GODAD, K., Agricultural extension officers in the territory of Papua and New Guinea 1945 – 1975, University of Technology, Australia, 2010.
MONDAL, P., BASU M., Adoption of precision agriculture technologies in India and in some developing countries: Scope: present status and strategies, Progress in Natural Science, India 2009.
MUZARI1 W., GATSI W., MUVHUNZI S., “The impacts of technology adoption on small holder agricultural productivity in Sub-Saharan Africa:A Reviewâ€, Journal of Sustainable Development, Vol. 5, No. 8, pp. 69 – 77, 2012.
OBIBUAKU, L, Agricultural extension as a strategy for agricultural transformation, University of Nigeria, Nigeria, 1983.
PENSE, S., “Assessing extension education efforts in Afghanistan through the eyes of U.S. Agricultural support personnelâ€, Online Journal For Workforce Education and Development, Vol. 6, No. 1, pp. 1-22, 2013.
QAMAR, M., Modernizing national agricultural extension systems, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Research extension and training division sustainable development department, United Nations 2005.
QAMAR, M., Modernizing national agricultural extension systems, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Research extension and training division sustainable development department, United Nations 2005.
QAISI, H., Teachers realize the college of agriculture, Forestry and agricultural officials and some farmers for sustainable agriculture in the province of Nineveh, Master thesis, University of Mosul, Iraq, pp. 15, 2005.
RIVERA, W., QAMAR M., Agricultural extension: Rural development and the food security challenge, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome 2003.
ROBERTSON, A., Enabling agricultural extension for peace building, United States Institute of Peace, Washington, 2012.
RIMAWI, A., Introduction to agricultural extension, House of Hanen for the printing and publishing, Amman, 1996.
ROGERS, E., Diffusion of innovation, New York, 1995.
ROGERS, E., KARYN L., The diffusion of innovation, model and outreach from the National Network of Libraries of Medicine to Native American communities, Department of Communication and Journalism, University of New Mexico, American 1997.
SUNDING, D., ZILBERMAN D., The agricultural innovation process: Research and technology adoption in a changing agricultural sector. Cooperative extension specialist, University of California at Berkeley California, 2000.
SWANSON, B., Global review of good agricultural extension and advisory service practices, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, 2008.
TBORN, J., Adoption of agricultural innovations: Converging narratives and the role of Swedish agricultural research for development, Sweden, 2011.
TAI, H., “Improve the management of dissemination of agricultural technology programs in Iraqâ€, The Euphrates Journal of Agricultural Sciences, Vol. 12, No. 1, pp. 241- 256, 2012.
ULLAH R., ZAFARULLAHKHAN M., “Extension services and technology adoption of date palm in District Dera Ismail Khanâ€, Pakistan Journal Agricultural Research, Vol. 27, No. 2, pp. 160-166, 2014.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
- Papers must be submitted on the understanding that they have not been published elsewhere (except in the form of an abstract or as part of a published lecture, review, or thesis) and are not currently under consideration by another journal published by any other publisher.
- It is also the authors responsibility to ensure that the articles emanating from a particular source are submitted with the necessary approval.
- The authors warrant that the paper is original and that he/she is the author of the paper, except for material that is clearly identified as to its original source, with permission notices from the copyright owners where required.
- The authors ensure that all the references carefully and they are accurate in the text as well as in the list of references (and vice versa).
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
- The journal/publisher is not responsible for subsequent uses of the work. It is the author's responsibility to bring an infringement action if so desired by the author.