Fish Feeds Used in Côte d'Ivoire: Nature, Quality, Use and Productivity
Keywords:
Fish farming, fish feeds, chemical composition, availability, use, fish productionAbstract
This study was conducted at the Oceanology Research Centre of Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire to determine fish feeds nature and quality, factors affected their use, their impacts on fish growth parameters and fish farms production. Data were collected from 301 fish farms distributed in the 16 principal fish production regions, between May and November 2013. The majority of fish farmers (71.10%) used agro-industrial byproducts to feed fish, 27.57% used commercial feeds, 22.26% used non conventional feed and 17.94% mix their own feed. These different types of feeds were used alone or in combination to feed farmed fish depending on the growth stage.  Agro-industrial byproducts and non conventional feed have low nutritional quality. Quality of feeds formulated by farmers varied greatly and not always met the requirement of fish cultured. Only high cost imported commercial feeds met well the nutritional requirement of fish depending of species and size. Agro-industrial byproducts and non conventional feed were most used by farmers localized in the rural area in the extensive and semi-intensive systems contrary to commercial feeds and farmers feeds produced were used by economic operators and salaried in urban and periurban areas in semi-intensive and intensive systems in majority. Agro-industrial byproducts associated or not to non conventional feed were most used to feed tilapia (59.10%), Heterotis niloticus (78.36%), catfish (45.45%) and African carp (100%). Commercial feeds are frequently using (33.33%) to feed bagrid catfish and parachana (33.33%). Highest growth, economic and production values were recorded with commercial feeds in semi-intensive and intensive farming systems. These results express the need to make available for local farmers, quality and cheap fish feeds made with the good processing methods which take into account the requirements of different species and stages of farmed fish.
References
FAO, La situation mondiale des pêches et de l'aquaculture. Département des pêches et de l'aquaculture de la FAO, Rome, Italie, p. 241, 2012.
FAO, Fisheries and Aquaculture Information and Statistics Service - 08/11/2014. http://www.fao.org/figis/servlet/SQServlet?ds=Aquaculture&k1=COUNTRY&k1v=1&k1s=107&outtype=html
Brechbühl A, The future of pisciculture in southern Côte d’Ivoire. Bachelor thesis, ETH, SC/nat CSRS, Zürish/Abidjan, p. 50, 2009.
FAOCI-RAFW Plan directeur de la pêche et de l’aquaculture, projet de rapport de formulation, Volume 1 et 2 : Texte principal, p. 96, 2009.
Toily KNB, La filière piscicole en Côte d’Ivoire: Cas des régions d’Abidjan, Agboville et Aboisso. Thèse de doctorat de l’école inter - états des sciences et médecine vétérinaires (E.I.S.M.V.) de Dakar, Sénégal, p. 94, 2009.
New MB, Feed and feeding of fish and shrimp. A manual on the preparation and presentation of compound feeds for shimp and fish in aquaculture, ADCP/REP/87/26, FAO, Rome, 1987.
Guillaume J, Kaushik S, Bergot P et Métailler R, Nutrition et alimentation des poissons et crustacés. INRA éditions, Ifremer Paris, France: p. 486, 1999.
Jamu DM and Ayinla OA, “Potentiel for the development of Aquaculture in Africaâ€, NAGA, vol. 26, pp. 9-13, 2003.
Gabriel UU, Akinrotimi OA, Bekibele DO, Onunkwo DN and Anyanwu PE, “Locally produced fish feed: potentials for aquaculture development in sub-Saharan Africaâ€, African Journal of Agricultural Research, vol. 2 no. 7, pp. 287-295, 2007.
AOAC, Official methods of analysis. Association of Analytical Chemists Arlington, Virginia, USA, 1995.
AOAC (Association of Analytical Chemists), Official methods of analysis, Metals and other elements. Arlington, Virginia, USA, 2003.
Tacon AGJ and Jackson A, “Utilization of conventional and non conventional protein sources in practical feed spâ€, In Cowey AM Mackie, JG bell (eds) Nutrition and feeding in Fish, Academic Press, London, pp.119-145, 1985.
Oresegun A and Alegbeleye WO, “Growth response and nutrient utilization of tilapia Oreochromis niloticus fed varying dietary levels of cassava peels based on rations supplemented with di-methionineâ€, In Eyo AA (ed) Proceeding of first National Symposium on Fish Nutrition and Fish Feed Technology in Nigeria Lagos NIOMR, pp. 8-13, 2001.
Ibiyo LMO, Olowosegun T, “The potential for improving profitability in Aquacultureâ€, In Araoye PA (ed), Proceedings of the 19th Annual Conference of the Fisheries Society of Nigeria (FISON) ILORIN, pp. 45-53. 2004.
Francis G, Makkar HPS and Becher K, “Antinutritional factors present in plant-derived alternate fish ingredients and their effects in fishâ€, Aquaculture, vol. 199, pp. 197-227, 2001.
Abarike ED, Attipoe FYK and Alhassan EH, “Effects of feeding fry of Oreochromis niloticus on different agro-industrial by-productsâ€, International Journal of Fisheries and Aquaculture, vol. 4 no 8, pp. 178-185, 2012.
Jauncey K and Ross B, A guide to tilapia feeds and feeding. Institute of Aquaculture. Scotland, Ecosse: University of Stirling, p. 111, 1982.
Lazard J, “La pisciculture des tilapias. Pisciculture : le poisson de demain, Synthèseâ€, Cahiers Agricultures, vol. 18, pp. 174-182, 2007.
Edwin Robinson and Li MH, Catfish nutrition: Nutrient requirements, Mississipi state University Extension Service, 2008.
Crentsil C and Ukpong IG , “Economics of Fish Production in Amansie-west District of Ghana: Implication for Food Security in West Africaâ€, Asian Journal of Agricultural Extension, Economics & Sociology, vol. 3 no. 3, pp. 179-188, 2014.
FAO, Profil de la pêche par pays, la république de Côte d’Ivoire. FAO, Rome, 2008.
URL: ftp://ftp.fao.org/FI/DOCUMENT/fcp/fr/FI_CP_CI.pdf
Dabbadié L, Etude de la viabilité d’une pisciculture rurale à faible niveau d’intrant dans le Centre-Ouest de la Côte d’Ivoire : approche du réseau trophique. Thèse de doctorat, Université de Paris VI, p. 214, 1996.
Oswald M, Glasser F and Laubier F, “Techniques de pisciculture : Gestion technico-économique des étangsâ€, In Le Mémento de l’Agronome CIRAD - Gret – MAE. p.24, 2003.
Avit J-BLF, Boni KY, Kouassi NC, Konan KKF, Assemian O, and Alloukou JR, “Conditions écologiques de production de fingerlings de Oreochromis niloticus (Linné, 1758) en association avec le riz Wita 12 en étangâ€, Journal of Applied Bioscience, vol. 59, pp. 4271-4285, 2012.
Ranjeet K. and Madhusoodana Kurup, “Economic analysis of polder based freshwater prawn farming systems in kuttanad, Indiaâ€, International Journal of Fisheries and Aquaculture, vol. 5, no. 6, pp. 110-121, 2009.
Shang YC and Tisdell CA, “Economic decision making in sustainable aquaculture developmentâ€, In Bardach JE (ed). Sustainable Aquaculture, Honolulu, Hawaii and USA, John Wiley and Sons. 1997.
FAO, Promotion de l’aquaculture commerciale durable en Afrique Subsaharienne. Expériences de certains pays en développement, FAO Fisheries circular No 971 Rome, Italie. p.293, 2001.
Lacroix E, Pisciculture en zone tropicale, GFA terra systems. Hamburg Allemagne. p.225, 2004.
Mammur-Ur-Rashin M, “Improving aquaculture feed in Bangladesh: From feed ingredients to farmer profit to safe consumptionâ€, Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering. Working paper vol. 34, pp. 1-11, 2013.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
- Papers must be submitted on the understanding that they have not been published elsewhere (except in the form of an abstract or as part of a published lecture, review, or thesis) and are not currently under consideration by another journal published by any other publisher.
- It is also the authors responsibility to ensure that the articles emanating from a particular source are submitted with the necessary approval.
- The authors warrant that the paper is original and that he/she is the author of the paper, except for material that is clearly identified as to its original source, with permission notices from the copyright owners where required.
- The authors ensure that all the references carefully and they are accurate in the text as well as in the list of references (and vice versa).
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
- The journal/publisher is not responsible for subsequent uses of the work. It is the author's responsibility to bring an infringement action if so desired by the author.